Aalen’s additive Hazard model: an application in analyzing job tenure factors in private and public companies in Albania
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59380/crj.v1i1.2716Abstract
There are several statistical methods for time to event analysis, among which is the Cox proportional hazards model, that is most commonly used. In this model, the effect of the covariates is assumed to act multiplicatively on the baseline hazard rate and the ratio of the hazards is constant over survival time. However, when the proportionality assumption for the Cox proportional hazards model is not satisfied, an additive hazard regression model may be more appropriate. In this study, we give an overview of this approach and then apply Aalen’s additive hazard regression model to a data set which contain the job tenure for Albanian employees and variables that are thought of as important factors in the job tenure. The Aalen model allows for time-varying covariate effects and is used to assess the impact that age of the employee, the age at which he started the job, salary, gender, position and years of work in front of the current position may have in job termination.
Keywords:
Job tenure, Survival analysis, Cox proportional hazard model, Aalen’s additive hazard regression model.Downloads
References
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Neumark, D. (2000), Changes in job stability and job security: A collective effort to untangle, reconcile, and interpret the evidence,
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NBER Working Paper No. 7472, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Theodossiou, I., and Zangelidis, A. (2009). Career prospects and tenure–job satisfaction profiles: Evidence from panel data. The Journal of Socio-Economics, Vol 38, Issue 4, Aug 2009, pp 648-657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2009.03.006.
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Ng, Th., and Feldman, D. (2013). Does longer job tenure help or hinder job performance? Journal of Vocational Behavior. Vol 83, Issue 3, Dec 2013, pp 305-314, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.06.012.
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Grzenda, W., and Buczyński, M. (2015) Estimation of employee turnover with competing risks models. Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia. DOI: 10.1515/foli-2015-0035.
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Jiang, Z., and Wang, Z. (2018). Career adaptability and plateaus: The moderating effects of tenure and job self-efficacy. Journal of Vocational Behavior.Vol 104, Feb 2018, pp 59-71, https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.10.006
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Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2018 https://www.thebalancecareers. com/bureau-of-labor-statistics-bls-2059767
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Kaplan, E., and Meier, P. (1958). Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. Journal of the Avmerican Statistical Association, vol. 53, pp. 457–481.
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Aalen, O.O. 1980. A model for nonparametric regression analysis of counting processes. Lecture Notes in Statistics-2: Mathematical
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Statistics and Probability Theory, edited by Klonecki, W., Kozek, A. & Rosinski, J. New York: Springer. pp. 1-25.
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Kleinbaum D., and Klein M, (2005). Survival Analysis. Statistics for Biology and Health, Springer, New York, NY, USA, 2nd edition.
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Cox, D.R. (1972). Regression models and life tables, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B, 34, 187-202.
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Klein J., and Moeschberger M. (2003). Survival analysis techniques for censored and truncated data. 2nd Edition. Springer. ISBN 0-387-95399-X
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Vansteelandt, S., Martinussen, T. and Tchetgen, E.J.T. 2014. On adjustment for auxiliary covariates in additive hazard models for the analysis of randomized experiment. Biometrika 101: 237-244.
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Aalen, O.O., Borgan, Ø. and Gjessing, H. (2008). Event History Analysis: A Process Point of View. NewYork: Springer.
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Aalen, O.O. 1989. A linear regression model for the analysis of life times. Statist. Med. 8: 907-925.
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Aalen, O.O. 1993. Further results on the non-parametric linear regression model in survival analysis. Statist. Med. 12: 1569-1588.
References
Neumark, D. (2000), Changes in job stability and job security: A collective effort to untangle, reconcile, and interpret the evidence,
NBER Working Paper No. 7472, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Theodossiou, I., and Zangelidis, A. (2009). Career prospects and tenure–job satisfaction profiles: Evidence from panel data. The Journal of Socio-Economics, Vol 38, Issue 4, Aug 2009, pp 648-657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2009.03.006.
Ng, Th., and Feldman, D. (2013). Does longer job tenure help or hinder job performance? Journal of Vocational Behavior. Vol 83, Issue 3, Dec 2013, pp 305-314, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.06.012.
Grzenda, W., and Buczyński, M. (2015) Estimation of employee turnover with competing risks models. Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia. DOI: 10.1515/foli-2015-0035.
Jiang, Z., and Wang, Z. (2018). Career adaptability and plateaus: The moderating effects of tenure and job self-efficacy. Journal of Vocational Behavior.Vol 104, Feb 2018, pp 59-71, https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.10.006
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2018 https://www.thebalancecareers. com/bureau-of-labor-statistics-bls-2059767
Kaplan, E., and Meier, P. (1958). Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. Journal of the Avmerican Statistical Association, vol. 53, pp. 457–481.
Aalen, O.O. 1980. A model for nonparametric regression analysis of counting processes. Lecture Notes in Statistics-2: Mathematical
Statistics and Probability Theory, edited by Klonecki, W., Kozek, A. & Rosinski, J. New York: Springer. pp. 1-25.
Kleinbaum D., and Klein M, (2005). Survival Analysis. Statistics for Biology and Health, Springer, New York, NY, USA, 2nd edition.
Cox, D.R. (1972). Regression models and life tables, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B, 34, 187-202.
Klein J., and Moeschberger M. (2003). Survival analysis techniques for censored and truncated data. 2nd Edition. Springer. ISBN 0-387-95399-X
Vansteelandt, S., Martinussen, T. and Tchetgen, E.J.T. 2014. On adjustment for auxiliary covariates in additive hazard models for the analysis of randomized experiment. Biometrika 101: 237-244.
Aalen, O.O., Borgan, Ø. and Gjessing, H. (2008). Event History Analysis: A Process Point of View. NewYork: Springer.
Aalen, O.O. 1989. A linear regression model for the analysis of life times. Statist. Med. 8: 907-925.
Aalen, O.O. 1993. Further results on the non-parametric linear regression model in survival analysis. Statist. Med. 12: 1569-1588.
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