China’s innovation-based approach in the fight of Covid-19. An estimation of China’s impact for global health to come
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7336/academicus.2022.25.02Abstract
When the infectious coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 broke out it resulted in a global crisis. In the fight of Covid-19, China’s government relied on its strength to apply new technologies, i.e. for controlling and containment of the virus by tracing and tracking Chinese citizens. Relying on the trajectory of industrialisation, China has pursued a path of innovation. While it is reasoned that China’s advantage might have origin in the experience of the SARS outbreak almost two decades ago, this article argues that mainly China’s innovation- driven climate has favoured the application of new technologies in combatting the current crisis. Based on the innovation-driven trajectory this article explores China’s pathway out the corona crisis and how this might strengthen China’s role in global health governance. In order to pursue this aim, this article explores several areas, in which the next generation of technologies, such as AI-based diagnostic or intelligent robots were applied and concludes with an outlook based on the formulated political agenda, strategic considerations and initial international cooperation regarding China’s impact for global health.
Keywords:
Innovation, Covid-19, Healthcare, intelligent robots, telemedicine, Artificial intelligence, China,Downloads
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Becker, Tania. 2020. “Die Zukunft der Erinnerung: Robotik und Künstliche Intelligenz in China.” In Erinnern und Erinnerung, Gedächtnis und Gedenken Über den Umgang mit Vergangenem in der chinesischen Kultur., edited by Maria Khayutina and Sebastian Eicher.
Buzogány, Aron, Rolf Frankenberger, and Patricia Graf. 2016. “Policy-Making und Legitimation in Autokratien: Das Beispiel der Innovationspolitik.” Totalitarianism and Democracy 13 (2): 257–79.
Campbell, Kurt M., and Rush Doshi. 2020. “The Coronavirus Could Reshape Global Order.” Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/ articles/china/2020-03-18/coronavirus-could-reshape-global-order?utm_ medium=promo_email&utm_source=lo_flows&utm_campaign=registered_ user_welcome&utm_term=email_1&utm_content=20211204.
Chen Yun, Jiang Gongfa, Li Yue, Tang Yutao, Xu Yanfang, Ding Siqi, Xin Yanqi, and Lu Yao. 2020. “A Survey on Artificial Intelligence in Chest Imaging of COVID-19.” BIO Integration 1 (3): 137–46. Kostka, Genia. 2019. “China’s Social Credit Systems and Public Opinion: Explaining High Levels of Approval.” New Media & Society 21 (7): 1565–93. doi:10.1177/1461444819826402.
Chen, Xuelian, and Christian Göbel. 2016. “Regulations against Revolution: Mapping Policy Innovations in China.” Journal of Chinese Governance 1 (1): 78–98.
ChinaDaily.com. 2016. “Xi Sets Targets for China’s Science, Technology Progress.” ChinaDaily, 5. Shanghai. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-05/30/ content_25540484.htm.
Chriss, J. J. (2021). COVID-19 and Social Control. Academicus International Scientific Journal, (23), 21-40.
CIIS. 2020. How COVID-19 Is Changing the World Order. Beijing. http://www. ciis.org.cn/english/2020-05/25/content_41162811.html.
Drinhausen, Katja, and John Lee. 2021. “The CCP in 2021: Smart Governance, Cyber Sovereignty and Tech Supremacy.” In THE CCP’S NEXT CENTURY - Expanding Economic Control, Digital Governance and National Security, edited by Nis Grünberg and Claudia Wessling, 37–52. Papers on China. Berlin: MERICS. https:// merics.org/sites/default/files/2021-07/MERICSPapersOnChinaCCP100_3_1.pdf.
Freeman III, Charles W. 2011. “China’s Emerging Global Health and Foreign Aid Engagement in Africa.” Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.
Gabriele, Alberto. 2020. Enterprises, Industry and Innovation in the People’s Republic of China: Questioning Socialism from Deng to the Trade and Tech War. Singapore: Springer Singapore.
Girasa, Rosario J. 2020. Artificial Intelligence as a Disruptive Technology: Economic Transformation and Government Regulation.
Huang,Yanzhong.2018.“EmergingPowersandGlobalHealthGovernance:The Case of BRICS Countries.” In The Oxford Handbook of Global Health Politics, edited by Colin McInnes, Kelley Lee, and Jeremy Youde. Oxford University Press.
Kostka, Genia. 2019. “China’s Social Credit Systems and Public Opinion:
Explaining High Levels of Approval.” New Media & Society 21 (7): 1565–93.
Kreuder-Sonnen, Christian, and Tine Hanrieder. 2015–2014. “Institutional Change through Crisis. Will Ebola Spur Reform of the Global Health Architecture?” WZB Report 2015.
Lammer,Dominic.2020.“ChinaSetztMKampfGegenDasVirusAufFarbcodes.” Netzpolitik.org. 3. https://netzpolitik.org/2020/china-setzt-im-kampf-gegen- das-virus-auf-farbcodes/.
Leitner, Karl-Heinz, and K. Matthias Weber. 2019. “Research and Innovation Futures: Challenging the Dominant Innovation Paradigm.” E & I Elektrotechnik Und Informationstechnik 136 (3): 226–33.
Lin, Vivian, and Hongwen Zhao. 2015. “Health Policy Reform in China.” In The Palgrave International Handbook of Healthcare Policy and Governance, edited by Ellen Kuhlmann, Robert H. Blank, Ivy Lynn Bourgeault, and Claus Wendt, 135–53. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Li, Peiyi, Xiaoyu Liu, Elizabeth Mason, Guangyu Hu, Yongzhao Zhou, Weimin Li, and Mohammad S Jalali. 2020. “How Telemedicine Integrated into China’s Anti-COVID-19 Strategies: Case from a National Referral Center.” BMJ Health & Care Informatics 27 (3): e100164.
Liu, Chenxi, Dian Jiao, and Zhe Liu. 2020. “Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Aided Disease Prediction.” BIO Integration 1 (3): 130–36. doi:10.15212/bioi-2020- 0017.
Lopez-Alves, F. (2021). The Undemocratic Future of 21st Century Liberal Democracy. Academicus International Scientific Journal, 12(24), 39-59.
Meissner, Mirjiam. 2017. “China’s Social Credit System.” MERICS Monitor. Berlin. https://www.merics.org/fileadmin/user_upload/downloads/China- Monitor/merics_ChinaMonitor_39_englisch_Web.pdf.
Musaraj, A. (2020). The Pandemic and Rhetoric of Organization. Academicus International Scientific Journal, 11(22), 21-29.
Müller, Armin Christian. 2017. China’s New Public Health Insurance: Challenges to Health Reforms and the New Rural Co-Operative Medical System. China Policy Series 47. London New York: Routledge.
Ohlberg, Mareike. 2019. “Digitaler Big Brother.” IP, April, 60–67.
Pak K Lee. 2014. “China Joins Global Health Governance: New Player, More Medicines, and New Rules?” Global Governance 20: 297–323.
Pritchett, Lant, and Lawrence H. Summers. 1996. “Wealthier Is Healthier.” The Journal of Human Resources 31 (4): 841.
SCMP Research, and South China Morning Post. 2020. “China Internet Report 2020.” Hong Kong. Hong Kong.
Shi-Kupfer, Kristin, and Mareike Ohlberg. 2019. “China’s Digital Rise.” Edited by MERICS. MERICS. https://merics.org/en/report/chinas-digital-rise.
Sparke, Matthew. 2018. “Globalisation and the Politics of Global Health.” In Globalisation and the Politics of Global Health. Oxford University Press.
The State Council. 2017. “Xin yidai rengong zhineng fazhan guihua.Artifical Intelligence development plan (AIDP). http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/ content/2017-07/20/content_5211996.htm.
The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China. 2020. Fighting Covid-19 China in Action. http://fj.china-embassy.org/eng/xw/ P020200607430003210125.pdf.
Wu Yu-Huan, Gao Shang-Hua, Mei Jie, Xu Jun, Fan Deng-Ping, Zhang Rong- Guo, and Cheng Ming-Ming. 2021. “JCS: An Explainable COVID-19 Diagnosis System by Joint Classification and Segmentation.” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 30: 3113–26.
Xi Jinping. 2021. “Nuli chengwei shijie zhuyao kexue zhongxin he chuangxin gaodi, [Striving to become a major world scientific centre and innovation hub] 28.05.2018.” Qiushi. http://www.qstheory.cn/dukan/qs/2021- 03/15/c_1127209130.htm.
Xu, Xingyan, Yingying Cai, Siying Wu, Jianhui Guo, Le Yang, Jieli Lan, Yi Sun, et al. 2021. “Assessment of Internet Hospitals in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic: National Cross-Sectional Data Analysis Study.” Journal of Medical Internet Research 23 (1): e21825.
Yang Jiemin. 2020. “The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Contemporary International Relations.” In How COVID-19 Is Changing the World Order, edited by CIIS, 18–26. Beijing. http://www.ciis.org.cn/english/2020-05/25/ content_41162811.html.
Yan Xuetong. 2020. “Bipolar Rivalry in the Early Digital Age.” The Chinese Journal of International Politics 13 (3): 313–41.
Zhang Yuyan, and Feng Weijiang. 2019. Peaceful Development Path in China. China Insights. Singapore: Springer Singapore.
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