Corruption and Cryptocurrency
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7336/academicus.2022.26.06Abstract
Cryptocurrency has become ubiquitous and is evolving constantly. The question is if our legal framework is catching up with it. Therefore, this article analyzes the arguments on the legitimacy and legality of cryptocurrency in order to emphasize the relation between corruption and cryptocurrency. The research has enlightened some cogent arguments on the possibility of perpetrators committing corruption acts through cryptocurrency. These arguments basically refer to some of the unique characteristics of cryptocurrency such as the quick value fluctuation, the difficulties in tractability and the lacking current legislation.
The unique features of it may headline cryptocurrency as an immensely attractive environment for corruption activities. Hence the world has already faced some tangled scamming scandals with cryptocurrency specified herein. Therefore, the aim of this article is to highlight the possibility for corruption acts to be committed through cryptocurrency as a form of corruption unknown before.
Keywords:
cryptocurrency, corruption, legal frameworkDownloads
References
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Eveshnie Reddy, A. M. (2018). Cryptocurrency: A tool and target for cybercrime. Acta Criminologica, 31(3), 71-92. Retrieved March 20, 2021, from https:// journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/EJC-14d902942d
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Mandjee, T. (2016). Bitcoin, its Legal Classification and its Regulatory Framework. Journal of Business and Security Law, 15(2), 160.
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Satoshi Nakamoto. (2008, November 01). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. Bitcoin.org, 1-9. Retrieved January 14, 2021, from https://bitcoin. org/bitcoin.pdf
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Tim Hume, CNN. (2013, 10 05). How FBI caught Ross Ulbricht, alleged creator of criminal marketplace Silk Road. How FBI caught Ross Ulbricht, alleged creator of criminal marketplace Silk Road. San Francisco, San Francisco, USA: CNN. Retrieved 01 27, 2021, from https://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/04/world/ americas/silk-road-ross-ulbricht/index.html
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William Buchanan, S. D. (2018). The Challenges of Investigating Cryptocurrencies and Blockchain Related Crime. JBBA, 1(2), 1-6. Retrieved March 20, 2021, from https://jbba.scholasticahq.com/article/5779-the-challenges-of-investigating-cryptocurrencies-and-blockchain-related-crime
References
Anna Irrera. (2020, December 09). Criminals getting smarter in use of digital currencies to launder money. (J. Stonestreet, Ed.) Retrieved March 18, 2021, from https://www.reuters.com/article/crypto-currencies-criminals-idUSKBN28J1IX
BBC News. (2019, 11 24). Cryptoqueen: How this woman scammed the world, then vanished. Cryptoqueen: How this woman scammed the world, then vanished. London, England, UK: BBC News. Retrieved January 27, 2021, from https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-50435014
Blockchain Alliance. (2020). A Public-Private forum to help combat criminal activity on the blockchain. Retrieved March 19, 2021, from https:// blockchainalliance.org/
Blockchain.com. (2021, January 16). Retrieved January 16, 2021, from www. blockchain.com: https://www.blockchain.com/charts/my-wallet-n-users
Brown, S. D. (2016). Cryptocurrency and criminality: The Bitcoin opportunity. Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles, Vol. 89(No. 4), 327-229. doi:10.1177/0032258X16658927
Cao, S. K. (2020). The rise of popularity of cryptocurrency and associated criminal activity. (G. S. University, Ed.) International Criminal Justice Review, Vol. 30(No. 3), 325-344. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1057567719827051
Charlie Osborne. (2018, August 20). Alleged head of BitConnect cryptocurrency scam arrested in Dubai. Alleged head of BitConnect cryptocurrency scam arrested in Dubai. India: ZD Net. Retrieved January 27, 2021, from https:// www.zdnet.com/article/alleged-bitconnect-head-arrested-in-dubai/
Coinmarketcap.com. (2021, January 16). (cainmarketcap) Retrieved January 16, 2021, from www.coinmarketcap.com: https://coinmarketcap.com/all/ views/all/
Decentralized Dog. (2020, September 04). www.coinmarketcap.com. (Alexandria) Retrieved January 14, 2021, from Alexandria: https:// coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/who-is-satoshi-nakamoto
European Commission. (2020, 09 24). Financial services – EU regulatory framework for crypto-assets. Retrieved January 24, 2021, from European Commission: https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/ initiatives/12089-Financial-services-EU-regulatory-framework-for-crypto-assets
European Commission. (2021, January 21). European Commission. (D. I. F.3, Producer, & European Commission) Retrieved January 24, 2021, from European Commission.
Eveshnie Reddy, A. M. (2018). Cryptocurrency: A tool and target for cybercrime. Acta Criminologica, 31(3), 71-92. Retrieved March 20, 2021, from https:// journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/EJC-14d902942d
Eveshnie Reddy, A. M. (2018). Cryptocurrency: A tool and target for cybercrime. Acta Criminologica, 31(3), 71-92. Retrieved March 20, 2021, from https:// journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/EJC-14d902942d
Global Legal Research Center. (2019, June). Law Library of Congres. (S. o. Directorate, Ed.) Retrieved January 17, 2021, from Law Library of Congres - Global Legal Research Center: https://www.loc.gov/law/help/cryptocurrency/ cryptocurrency-world-survey.pdf
Jain, P. B. (2021). Lawful Sequence of Events and Cryptocurrency Anomalies: An Empirical Investigation. (F. I. Business, Ed.) FIIB Business Review, 1-18. doi:10.1177/23197145211042438
Jake Frankefield. (2020, May 05). www.investopedia.com. (M. Sonnenshein, Editor, investopedia.com, Producer, & investopedia.com) Retrieved January 14, 2021, from www.investopedia.com: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/ cryptocurrency.asp
Jason Weinstein, A. C. (2019). Promoting innovation through education: The blockchain industry, law enforcement, and regulators work towards a common goal. Global Legal Insights, The Blockchain Alliance. London/UK: Rory Smith. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://www.acc.com/sites/default/files/ resources/vl/membersonly/Article/1489775_1.pdf
Kane Russell, C. L. (2021, November 09). United States: Is Crypto a Currency Or Security? Litigation Involving The SEC May Provide Guidance. (J. Novel, Ed.) Mondaq - Connecting knowledge & people. Retrieved April 18, 2022, from https://www.mondaq.com/unitedstates/fin-tech/1129220/is-crypto-a-currency-or-security-litigation-involving-the-sec-may-provide-guidance
Lánský, P. W. (2021). Cryptocurrencies and Corruption. Ekonomický časopis/ Journal of Economics, Vol. 69(No. 7), 687-705. doi:https://doi.org/10.31577/ ekoncas.2021.07.02
Lyle Daly. (2022, February 25). The Motley Fool. (TMFLyleDaly, Producer) Retrieved April 15, 2022, from https://www.fool.com/investing/stock-market/market-sectors/financials/cryptocurrency-stocks/how-many-cryptocurrencies-are-there/
Mandjee, T. (2016). Bitcoin, its Legal Classification and its Regulatory Framework. Journal of Business and Security Law, 15(2), 160.
Satoshi Nakamoto. (2008, November 01). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. Bitcoin.org, 1-9. Retrieved January 14, 2021, from https://bitcoin. org/bitcoin.pdf
Tim Hume, CNN. (2013, 10 05). How FBI caught Ross Ulbricht, alleged creator of criminal marketplace Silk Road. How FBI caught Ross Ulbricht, alleged creator of criminal marketplace Silk Road. San Francisco, San Francisco, USA: CNN. Retrieved 01 27, 2021, from https://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/04/world/ americas/silk-road-ross-ulbricht/index.html
U.S. Attorneys, District of New Jersey. (2020, July 16). U.S. Attorneys, District of New Jersey. Retrieved January 27, 2021, from U.S. Attorney’s Office: https:// www.justice.gov/usao-nj/bitclub
UKEssays. (2020, February 08). UKEssays. (UKEssays) Retrieved January 16, 2021, from UKEssays pro - Trusted by students since 2003: https://www. ukessays.com/essays/finance/the-legitimacy-of-cryptocurrencies.php
UNODC. (2017, May 08). UNODC launches training to tackle cryptocurrency-enabled Organized Crime. (U. N. Crime, Ed.) United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Retrieved March 19, 2021, from https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/ frontpage/2017/May/unodc-launches-training-to-tackle-money-laundering-and-bitcoin-banking-fraud.html
William Buchanan, S. D. (2018). The Challenges of Investigating Cryptocurrencies and Blockchain Related Crime. JBBA, 1(2), 1-6. Retrieved March 20, 2021, from https://jbba.scholasticahq.com/article/5779-the-challenges-of-investigating-cryptocurrencies-and-blockchain-related-crime
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