A Pathway Beyond Conventional Methods: Developing Critical Thinking in EMI Students Through Scenario-Based Learning

Houda
Ouarniki Boumediene

Authors

Houda Ouarniki Boumediene

Abstract

The present research explored the efficacy of the Scenario-Based Learning Approach in the development of the critical thinking of 42 randomly selected students of the EMI Master’s program of the Computer Science Department of Laghouat University, Algeria. Through its learner-centered pedagogy, SBL is highly aligned with the needs of 21st-century learners. The research followed a descriptive quasi-experimental method to evaluate the effect of SBL on the critical thinking of the targeted subjects. Data analysis was conducted through SPSS Software. The results showed that the SBL approach effectively enhanced students’ engagement, motivation, and development of practical skills. The research noted a noteworthy enhancement of students’ critical thinking ability, as indicated by significant differences in pre-test and post-test scores. The SBL approach also influenced the learning process positively, rendering retention, reasoning, and attention during video lessons more effectively. Additionally, the use of technology through audio-visual lessons also enhanced the learning process, working to suit the environment of the learners. Finally, the use of SBL encourages students to think critically about learning. Suggestions stemming from this research include integrating SBL into curriculum design across all disciplines, providing teacher professional development in SBL approaches, placing priority on technological integration in the teaching practice, developing rigorous assessment plans in conjunction with SBL, and advocating for further research on the long-term effect of SBL on student learning.

Keywords:

Scenario-Based Learning (SBL), descriptive quasi-experimental, critical thinking skills, technology, audio-visual lessons

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References

1. Bloom, B. S., Engelhart, M. D., Furst, E. J., Hill, W. H., & Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Handbook 1: Cognitive domain. New York: McKay.
2. Clark, R. C., Nguyen, F., & Sweller, J. (2006). Efficiency in learning: Evidence- based guidelines to manage cognitive load. John Wiley & Sons.
3. Cummins, J. (2014). The intersection of cognitive and sociocultural factors in second language acquisition. Journal of Second Language Pedagogy, 5(2), 12-29.
4. Darasawang, P., & Reinders, H. (2010). Encouraging autonomy with an online language support system. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 4(1), 17-28.
5. Ennis, R. H., & Weir, E. (1985). The Ennis–Weir critical thinking essay test. Pacific Grove, CA: Midwest Publications.
6. Ertmer, P. A., & Glazewski, K. D. (2015). Essentials for PBL implementation: Fostering collaboration, transforming roles, and scaffolding learning. Essential readings in problem-based learning, 58, 89-106.
7. Ertmer, P. A., & Russell, J. D. (1995). Using case studies to enhance instructional design education. Educational Technology, 35(4), 23-31.
8. Facione, P. A. (1990). Critical thinking: A statement of expert consensus for purposes of educational assessment and instructions. Research findings and recommendations. Millbrae, CA: California Academic Press.
9. Facione, P. A. (2020). Critical thinking: What it is and why it counts. Insight Assessment, 1-28. Retrieved from https://www.insightassessment.com/wp- content/uploads/ia/pdf/whatwhy.pdf
10. Facione, P. A., Facione, N. C., & Gittens, C. A. (2020). What the data tell us about human reasoning. In D. Fasko, & F. Fair (Eds.) Critical Thinking and Reasoning: Theory, Development, Instruction, and Assessment (272-297). Brill Sense.
11. Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed, New York (Herder & Herder).
12. Hapsari, S. (2016). A descriptive study of the critical thinking skills of social science at junior high school. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 10(3), 228-234.
13. Hasan, R. (2019). Enhancing the teaching and learning process using video streaming servers and forecasting techniques. Sustainability, 11(7),2049.
14. Hayes, D. (2017). English language teaching in Thailand today. Asia TEFL Journal, 9(4), 13-27.
15. Joaquin, L. L. & Hermosa, J. P. (2023). Scenario- Based Learning Approach for Enhancing the Critical Thinking Skills of Grade 9 Students in Araling Panlipunan. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research. 4(5), 1708 – 1715. doi: 10.11594/ijmaber.04.05.31
16. Jonassen, D. H., & Hernandez-Serrano, J. (2002). Case-based reasoning and instructional design: Using stories to support problem-solving. Educational Technology Research and Development, 50(2), 65-77.
17. Karabulut, Ü. S. (2012). How to Teach CriticalThinking in Social Studies Education: An Examination of Three NCSS Journals. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 49, 197-214.
18. Khamkhien, A. (2010). Teaching English speaking and English-speaking tests in the Thai context: A reflection from Thai perspective. English Language Teaching, 3(4), 184-190.
19. Nassaji, H. (2015). Qualitative and Descriptive Research: Data Type versus Data Analysis. Language Teaching Research, 19(2), 129–132.
20. OECD. (2018). The future of education and skills: Education 2030. OECD Publishing.
21. Parikh, N. D. (2016). Teaching effectiveness through mind mapping technique. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3(3), 148-156.
22. Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2014). Critical thinking: The nature of critical and creative thought. Rowman & Littlefield.
23. Sa’diyah, A., Wilujeng, I., & Nadhiroh, N. (2021, March). The Effect of Using Smartphone Based Learning Media to Improve Students’ Critical Thinking Skills During Covid-19 Pandemic. In 6th International Seminar on Science Education (ISSE 2020) (pp. 374-379). Atlantis Press.
24. Thomas, L. (2022). Quasi-Experimental Design| Definition, Types & Examples https://www.scribbr.com/methodology quasi-experimental-design/
25. Thongprasert, N. L. (2017). Thai EFL learners’ perceptions of foreign language anxiety: A qualitative study. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 10(2), 157-168.
26. Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st-century skills: Learning for life in our times. John Wiley & Sons.
27. Vygotsky, L. S., & Cole, M. (1978). Mind in society: Development of higher psychological processes. Harvard university press.

References

1. Bloom, B. S., Engelhart, M. D., Furst, E. J., Hill, W. H., & Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Handbook 1: Cognitive domain. New York: McKay.

2. Clark, R. C., Nguyen, F., & Sweller, J. (2006). Efficiency in learning: Evidence- based guidelines to manage cognitive load. John Wiley & Sons.

3. Cummins, J. (2014). The intersection of cognitive and sociocultural factors in second language acquisition. Journal of Second Language Pedagogy, 5(2), 12-29.

4. Darasawang, P., & Reinders, H. (2010). Encouraging autonomy with an online language support system. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 4(1), 17-28.

5. Ennis, R. H., & Weir, E. (1985). The Ennis–Weir critical thinking essay test. Pacific Grove, CA: Midwest Publications.

6. Ertmer, P. A., & Glazewski, K. D. (2015). Essentials for PBL implementation: Fostering collaboration, transforming roles, and scaffolding learning. Essential readings in problem-based learning, 58, 89-106.

7. Ertmer, P. A., & Russell, J. D. (1995). Using case studies to enhance instructional design education. Educational Technology, 35(4), 23-31.

8. Facione, P. A. (1990). Critical thinking: A statement of expert consensus for purposes of educational assessment and instructions. Research findings and recommendations. Millbrae, CA: California Academic Press.

9. Facione, P. A. (2020). Critical thinking: What it is and why it counts. Insight Assessment, 1-28. Retrieved from https://www.insightassessment.com/wp- content/uploads/ia/pdf/whatwhy.pdf

10. Facione, P. A., Facione, N. C., & Gittens, C. A. (2020). What the data tell us about human reasoning. In D. Fasko, & F. Fair (Eds.) Critical Thinking and Reasoning: Theory, Development, Instruction, and Assessment (272-297). Brill Sense.

11. Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed, New York (Herder & Herder).

12. Hapsari, S. (2016). A descriptive study of the critical thinking skills of social science at junior high school. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 10(3), 228-234.

13. Hasan, R. (2019). Enhancing the teaching and learning process using video streaming servers and forecasting techniques. Sustainability, 11(7),2049.

14. Hayes, D. (2017). English language teaching in Thailand today. Asia TEFL Journal, 9(4), 13-27.

15. Joaquin, L. L. & Hermosa, J. P. (2023). Scenario- Based Learning Approach for Enhancing the Critical Thinking Skills of Grade 9 Students in Araling Panlipunan. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research. 4(5), 1708 – 1715. doi: 10.11594/ijmaber.04.05.31

16. Jonassen, D. H., & Hernandez-Serrano, J. (2002). Case-based reasoning and instructional design: Using stories to support problem-solving. Educational Technology Research and Development, 50(2), 65-77.

17. Karabulut, Ü. S. (2012). How to Teach CriticalThinking in Social Studies Education: An Examination of Three NCSS Journals. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 49, 197-214.

18. Khamkhien, A. (2010). Teaching English speaking and English-speaking tests in the Thai context: A reflection from Thai perspective. English Language Teaching, 3(4), 184-190.

19. Nassaji, H. (2015). Qualitative and Descriptive Research: Data Type versus Data Analysis. Language Teaching Research, 19(2), 129–132.

20. OECD. (2018). The future of education and skills: Education 2030. OECD Publishing.

21. Parikh, N. D. (2016). Teaching effectiveness through mind mapping technique. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3(3), 148-156.

22. Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2014). Critical thinking: The nature of critical and creative thought. Rowman & Littlefield.

23. Sa’diyah, A., Wilujeng, I., & Nadhiroh, N. (2021, March). The Effect of Using Smartphone Based Learning Media to Improve Students’ Critical Thinking Skills During Covid-19 Pandemic. In 6th International Seminar on Science Education (ISSE 2020) (pp. 374-379). Atlantis Press.

24. Thomas, L. (2022). Quasi-Experimental Design| Definition, Types & Examples https://www.scribbr.com/methodology quasi-experimental-design/

25. Thongprasert, N. L. (2017). Thai EFL learners’ perceptions of foreign language anxiety: A qualitative study. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 10(2), 157-168.

26. Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st-century skills: Learning for life in our times. John Wiley & Sons.

27. Vygotsky, L. S., & Cole, M. (1978). Mind in society: Development of higher psychological processes. Harvard university press.

A Pathway Beyond Conventional Methods: Developing Critical Thinking in EMI Students Through Scenario-Based Learning

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