Turizmi I errët: piramida si atraksion turistik
Abstrakti
Ky punim synon të ofrojë një vështrim të përgjithshëm në fushën e “turizmit të errët” si një lloj turizmi me interes të veçantë. Punimi është i organizuar në dy pjesë, ku në pjesën e parë do bëhet një rishikim i literaturës së lidhur me turizmin e errët si dhe karakteristikat kryesore të këtij turizmi, duke paraqitur tipologjinë e destinacioneve të errëta, sipas Stone-t, duke u përqendruar në pyetjet: Çfarë quajmë turizëm të errët? Cilat janë destinacionet kryesore që bëjnë pjesë në këtë turizëm? A mund ta konsiderojmë atë pjesë të trashëgimisë kulturore? Në pjesën e dytë, duke u bazuar në tipologjitë e vendeve të errëta dhe në grupet kryesore që krijojnë hapësirën e këtyre vendeve, do të fokusohemi në rastin e muzeut “Enver Hoxha”, i njohur ndryshe si Piramida, për të parë nëse ajo mund të konsiderohet atraksion i të ashtuquajturit turizëm i errët. Në këtë pjesë janë analizuar disa intervista për të kuptuar më mirë informacionin që kanë turistët për këtë lloj turizmi si dhe arsyet se pse turistët i vizitojnë këto vende.
Fjalët kyçe:
komunizmi, trashëgimia, turizmi i errët, turistët, Piramida AbstractShkarkimet
References
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Adhami, Stilian. 2001. Muzeologjia shqiptare. Tiranë: Gervis
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Ashworth, Gregory dhe Rudi Hartmann. 2005. “Introduction: Managing Atrocity for Tourism”. Në Horror and Human Tragedy Revisited. The Management of Sites of Atrocities for Tourism, përgatitur nga Gregory Ashworth dhe Rudi Hartmann, 11-14. New York: Cognizant Communication Cooperation
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Ashworth, Gregory dheJohn Tunbridge. 2000. The Tourist-historic City: Retrospect and Prospect of Managing the Heritage City. Oxford: Pergamon.
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Foley, Malcolm dhe Lennon John. 1996. “JFK and dark tourism: A fascination with assassination” International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2 (4), 198-211.
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Graham, Brian, Ashworth, Gregory. dhe John Tunbridge. 2000. A geography of heritage: Power, Culture and Economy. London: Arnold
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Klosi, Ardian dhe Artan Lame, përg. 2011. Piramida e Tiranës: e hijshme, e braktisur, e rrezikuar, Tiranë: Dudaj
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Lennon, John dhe Malcolm Foley. 1996. “JKF and dark tourism: a fascination with assassination”. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2: 198-211
-
Lennon, John dhe Malcolm Foley. 2000. Dark tourism: the attraction of death and disaster. Cengage Learning EMEA
-
Lennon, John dhe Malcolm Foley. 2002. Dark tourism: the attraction of death and disaster. London, England: Continuum
-
Light, Duncan. 2000. “An unwanted past: contemporary tourism and the heritage of communism in Romania”. International Journal of Heritage Studies, vol 6 (2): 145-160
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Light, Duncan. 2000. “Gazing on communism: heritage tourism and post- communist identities in Germany, Hungary and Romania” Tourism Geographies 2: 157-176
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MacCannell, Dean. 1999. The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class. Berkeley: University of California Press.
-
Macdonald, Sharon. 2006. “Undesirable Heritage: Fascist Material Culture and Historical Consciousness in Nuremberg”. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 12(1): 9-28
-
Macdonald, Sharon. 2009. Difficult heritage: negotiating the nazi past in Nuremberg and Beyond. New York: Routledge.
-
Schouten, Frans. 2005. “The process of authenticating souvenirs” Në Cultural Torism in a changing world: Politics, Participation and (re)presentation, përgatitur nga Melanie K. Smith dhe Mike Robinson, 191-202. Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
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Seaton, A.V. 1999. “War and thanatourism: Waterloo 1815 -1914”. Annals of Tourism Research, 26 (1): 130-158.
-
Stone Philip. R. 2005. “Consuming dark tourism: a call for research.” Review of Tourism Research, Vol. 3 (5): 109-117.
-
Stone Philip. R. 2005. “Dark Tourism-an old concept in a new world”. Tourism, The Tourism Society, Quarter IV (25): 20.
-
Stone Philip. R. 2011. “Dark tourism: towards a new post-disciplinary research agenda,” Int. J. Tourism Anthropology, Vol. 1, (3/4): 318-332.
-
Stone, Philip dhe Richard Sharpley. 2008. “Consuming Dark Tourism: a Thanatological Perspective”. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(2): 574–595.
-
Stone, Philip. R. 2006. “A dark tourism spectrum: towards a typology of death and macabre related tourist sites, attractions and exhibitions.” Tourism: An Interdisciplinary International Journal, 54 (2): 145–160.
-
Sharpley, Richard dhe Philip. R Stone. 2009. “(Re)presenting the macabre: interpretation, kitschification and authenticity.” Në The Darker Side of Travel: The Theory and Practice of Dark Tourism, përgatitur nga Richard Sharpley dhe Philip R.Stone,109-128. Bristol: Channel View Publications.
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Sharpley, Richard. 2005. “Travels to the Edge of Darkness: Towards a Typology of Dark Tourism.” Në Taking Tourism to the Limits: Issues, Concepts and Managerial Perspectives, përgatitur nga Chris Ryan, Stephen Page dhe Michelle Aicken, 217- 228. Oxford: Elsevier.
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Verdery, Katherine. 1999. The Political Lives of Dead Bodies:Reburial and Postsocialist Change. New York: Columbia University Press.
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Walter, Tony. 2009. “Dark tourism: mediating between the dead and the living”. Në The Darker Side of Travel – The Theory and Practice of Dark Tourism, përgatitur nga Richard Sharpley dhe Philip Stone, 39-55. Bristol: Channel View Publications.
References
Adhami, Stilian. 2001. Muzeologjia shqiptare. Tiranë: Gervis
Ashworth, Gregory dhe Rudi Hartmann. 2005. “Introduction: Managing Atrocity for Tourism”. Në Horror and Human Tragedy Revisited. The Management of Sites of Atrocities for Tourism, përgatitur nga Gregory Ashworth dhe Rudi Hartmann, 11-14. New York: Cognizant Communication Cooperation
Ashworth, Gregory dheJohn Tunbridge. 2000. The Tourist-historic City: Retrospect and Prospect of Managing the Heritage City. Oxford: Pergamon.
Foley, Malcolm dhe Lennon John. 1996. “JFK and dark tourism: A fascination with assassination” International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2 (4), 198-211.
Graham, Brian, Ashworth, Gregory. dhe John Tunbridge. 2000. A geography of heritage: Power, Culture and Economy. London: Arnold
Klosi, Ardian dhe Artan Lame, përg. 2011. Piramida e Tiranës: e hijshme, e braktisur, e rrezikuar, Tiranë: Dudaj
Lennon, John dhe Malcolm Foley. 1996. “JKF and dark tourism: a fascination with assassination”. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2: 198-211
Lennon, John dhe Malcolm Foley. 2000. Dark tourism: the attraction of death and disaster. Cengage Learning EMEA
Lennon, John dhe Malcolm Foley. 2002. Dark tourism: the attraction of death and disaster. London, England: Continuum
Light, Duncan. 2000. “An unwanted past: contemporary tourism and the heritage of communism in Romania”. International Journal of Heritage Studies, vol 6 (2): 145-160
Light, Duncan. 2000. “Gazing on communism: heritage tourism and post- communist identities in Germany, Hungary and Romania” Tourism Geographies 2: 157-176
MacCannell, Dean. 1999. The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Macdonald, Sharon. 2006. “Undesirable Heritage: Fascist Material Culture and Historical Consciousness in Nuremberg”. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 12(1): 9-28
Macdonald, Sharon. 2009. Difficult heritage: negotiating the nazi past in Nuremberg and Beyond. New York: Routledge.
Schouten, Frans. 2005. “The process of authenticating souvenirs” Në Cultural Torism in a changing world: Politics, Participation and (re)presentation, përgatitur nga Melanie K. Smith dhe Mike Robinson, 191-202. Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
Seaton, A.V. 1999. “War and thanatourism: Waterloo 1815 -1914”. Annals of Tourism Research, 26 (1): 130-158.
Stone Philip. R. 2005. “Consuming dark tourism: a call for research.” Review of Tourism Research, Vol. 3 (5): 109-117.
Stone Philip. R. 2005. “Dark Tourism-an old concept in a new world”. Tourism, The Tourism Society, Quarter IV (25): 20.
Stone Philip. R. 2011. “Dark tourism: towards a new post-disciplinary research agenda,” Int. J. Tourism Anthropology, Vol. 1, (3/4): 318-332.
Stone, Philip dhe Richard Sharpley. 2008. “Consuming Dark Tourism: a Thanatological Perspective”. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(2): 574–595.
Stone, Philip. R. 2006. “A dark tourism spectrum: towards a typology of death and macabre related tourist sites, attractions and exhibitions.” Tourism: An Interdisciplinary International Journal, 54 (2): 145–160.
Sharpley, Richard dhe Philip. R Stone. 2009. “(Re)presenting the macabre: interpretation, kitschification and authenticity.” Në The Darker Side of Travel: The Theory and Practice of Dark Tourism, përgatitur nga Richard Sharpley dhe Philip R.Stone,109-128. Bristol: Channel View Publications.
Sharpley, Richard. 2005. “Travels to the Edge of Darkness: Towards a Typology of Dark Tourism.” Në Taking Tourism to the Limits: Issues, Concepts and Managerial Perspectives, përgatitur nga Chris Ryan, Stephen Page dhe Michelle Aicken, 217- 228. Oxford: Elsevier.
Verdery, Katherine. 1999. The Political Lives of Dead Bodies:Reburial and Postsocialist Change. New York: Columbia University Press.
Walter, Tony. 2009. “Dark tourism: mediating between the dead and the living”. Në The Darker Side of Travel – The Theory and Practice of Dark Tourism, përgatitur nga Richard Sharpley dhe Philip Stone, 39-55. Bristol: Channel View Publications.
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