Ndërhyrje parandaluese lidhur me përdorimin dhe abuzimin me substanca në adoleshencë
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55312/op.v14i2.4753Abstrakti
Shumë sjellje jo të shëndetshme shpesh fillojnë gjatë adoleshencës dhe përfaqësojnë sfida të mëdha të shëndetit publik. Abuzimi i substancave ka një ndikim të madh te individët, familjet dhe komunitetet, pasi efektet e tij janë kumulative, duke kontribuar në probleme të kushtueshme të shëndetit social, fizik dhe mendor. Ne kryem një përmbledhje të rishikimeve sistematike për të vlerësuar efektivitetin e ndërhyrjeve për të parandaluar abuzimin me substancat tek adoleshentët. Ne raportojmë gjetje nga një total prej 26 rishikimesh sistematike që fokusohen në ndërhyrjet për pirjen e duhanit/përdorimin e duhanit, përdorimin e alkoolit, përdorimin e drogës dhe abuzimin e kombinuar të substancave. Gjetjet tona të përmbledhjes sugjerojnë se midis ndërhyrjeve për pirjen e duhanit/duhanit, programet parandaluese të bazuara në shkollë dhe ndërhyrjet intensive të bazuara në familje, që zakonisht trajtojnë funksionimin e familjes, janë efektive në reduktimin e pirjes së duhanit. Fushatat masive mediatike janë gjithashtu efektive, duke patur parasysh se ato janë me intensitet të arsyeshëm për periudha të gjata kohore. Kështu, ndërhyrjet për parandalimin e alkoolit në shkollë janë shoqëruar me ulje të shpeshtësisë së pirjes, ndërsa ndërhyrjet në familje kanë një efekt të vogël, por të vazhdueshëm në keqpërdorimin e alkoolit tek adoleshentët. Për abuzimin me drogën, ndërhyrjet në shkollë të bazuara në një kombinim të qasjeve të kompetencës sociale dhe ndikimit social kanë treguar efekte mbrojtëse kundër përdorimit të drogës dhe kanabisit. Ndër ndërhyrjet që synojnë abuzimin e kombinuar të substancave, programet e parandalimit parësor të bazuara në shkollë janë efektive. Dëshmitë nga ndërhyrjet e bazuara në internet, iniciativat e politikave dhe stimujt duket se janë të përziera dhe kanë nevojë për kërkime të mëtejshme. Hulumtimi i ardhshëm duhet të fokusohet në vlerësimin e efektivitetit të komponentëve të ndërhyrjeve specifike me ndërhyrje të standardizuara dhe masa të rezultateve.Fjalët kyçe:
shëndeti i adoleshentëve;, Abuzim me substanca;, Abuzimi i drogësShkarkimet
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References
Nawi AM, Ismail R, Ibrahim F, et al.: Risk and protective factors of drug abuse among adolescents: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2019
Fahimi J, Aurrecoechea A, Anderson E, Herring A, Alter H: Substance abuse and mental health visits among adolescents presenting to US emergency departments. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2015,
S.Peltzer K, Pengpid S, Susilowati IH: Prevalence and associated factors of illicit drug use among university students in the association of southeast Asian nations (ASEAN). Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2017,
Mokdad AH, Forouzanfar MH, Daoud F, et al.: Global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors for young people’s health, Lancet. 2016,
Solari-Twadell PA: Recreational drugs. Societal and professional issues. Nurs Clin North Am. 1991,
Kulak JA, Griswold KS: Adolescent substance use and misuse: Recognition and management. Am Fam Physician. 2019,
Cornelius T, Earnshaw VA, Menino D, Bogart LM, Levy S: Treatment motivation among caregivers and adolescents with substance use disorders. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2017
Tubman JG, Oshri A, Duprey EB, Sutton TE: Childhood maltreatment, psychiatric symptoms, and suicidal thoughts among adolescents receiving substance use treatment services. J Adolesc. 2021,
White A, Hingson R: The burden of alcohol use: Excessive alcohol consumption and related consequences among college students. Alcohol Res. 2014.
Lees B, Meredith LR, Kirkland AE, Bryant BE, Squeglia LM: Effect of alcohol use on the adolescent brain and behavior. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2020.
Nagarajappa R, Daryani H, Sharda AJ, Asawa K, Batra M, Sanadhya S, Ramesh G: Knowledge and attitude towards smoking among Indian students of dentistry. Int Dent J. 2013,
Lakeview: Opiates abuse causes, addiction signs, symptoms & side Effects. (2022). Accessed: June 17, 2022
Ali E, Sachdeva A, Gupta S, Kumar M, Singh JM, Kardam L: Marijuana use experiences and expectancies of urban youth in India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022
Jacobus J, Tapert SF: Effects of cannabis on the adolescent brain. Curr Pharm Des. 2014,
Bloomfield MA, Hindocha C, Green SF, et al.: The neuropsychopharmacology of cannabis: A review of human imaging studies. Pharmacol Ther. 2019
Paoli L, Greenfield VA, Charles M, Reuter P: The global diversion of pharmaceutical drugs. India: the third largest illicit opium producer?. Addiction. 2009,
Steele CM, Southwick L: Alcohol and social behavior I: The psychology of drunken excess. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1995,
Drug-Free World: Short and long-term effects of alcohol. (2022).
A. Fukink Mental Illness: How does cannabis affect my mental health?. (2018).
Tang YL, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J, Farrer LA, Pearson D, Cubells JF: Transient cocaineassociated behavioral symptoms rated with a new instrument, the Scale for assessment of
positive symptoms for Cocaine-Induced Psychosis (SAPS-CIP). Am J Addict. 2009,
Morton WA: Cocaine and psychiatric symptoms. Primary Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 1999,
Mayo Clinic: Drug addiction (substance use disorder) - symptoms and causes. (2022).
American Addictions Centre: What are the mental and physical effects of ecstasy (MDMA)?. (2020). Accessed: July 2, 2022: https://americanaddictioncenters.org/ecstasy-abuse/mental-andphysical-effects.
Giannakopoulos G, Tzavara C, Dimitrakaki C, Kolaitis G, Rotsika V, Tountas Y: Emotional, behavioural problems and cigarette smoking in adolescence: findings of a Greek cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2010,
Mental Health Foundation: Smoking and mental health. (2022)..
Griffin KW, Botvin GJ: Evidence-based interventions for preventing substance use disorders in adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2010,
Rehabs: India’s #1 Addiction & recovery online resource. (2013).
Neets.Net: Iodex sandwiches, fevibond, and sanitizer: The ‘Saste Nashe’ Indians are getting high on!. (2018). Accessed: February 2, 2021: https://neets.net/threads/niggas-in-india-eat-this-shit-toget-faded.11644/.
National Health Portal: Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK). (2015).