Studimi i komponimeve farmaceutike dhe mbetjeve të tyre në ujin e lumit Sitnica, Kosovë
Abstrakti
Produktet farmaceutike që përdoren për trajtime shëndetësore spitalore, ambulatore, shtëpiake dhe për qëllime veterinare janë komponime të zakonshme të raportuara në ujrat sipërfaqësore. Shkak është eskertimi i tyre nga pacientët apo kafshët ku janë aplikuar këto barna. Një pjesë e substancave primare apo produkteve të degradimit të tyre janë vërejtur të kenë efekte të dëmshme mjedisore dhe tek organizmat e gjallë. Lumi Sitnica i cili kalon përmes zonave të banuara në Kosovë mendohet se ka mjaft derdhje të ujrave urbane, bujqësore dhe të ujrave spitalore prandaj qëllimi i këtij studimi është identifikimi i niveleve të disa prej barnave më të përdoruara nga popullata në mostrat e ujit të këtij lumi
Fjalët kyçe:
Produkte farmaceutike, Lumi Sitnica, analiza uji, HPLC/DADShkarkimet
References
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[1] Besime Sh. Kajtazi and Tania Floqi, Protection of River Sitnica From Urban Wastewaters,
-
European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences (EJ-GEO), 2021, Vol 2, Issue 2, p. 35-40
-
[3] Nozal L., Arce L., Simont B.M., Rios A., Valcarcel M.: Rapid determination of trace levels
-
of tetracyclines in surface ëater using a continuous floë manifold coupled to a capillary electrophoresis system. In: Chemical Analysis for Antibiotics Used in Agriculture. Edited by Oka H.,
-
Nakazaëa H., Harada K.I., MacNeil J.D. AOAC Inter Arlington, USA, 1995, p. 333.
-
[4] Kratz K.L.: Determination of antibiotics in different ëater compartments via liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1998, 815, 213–223.
-
[5] Jia A., Xiao Y., Hu J., Asami M., Kunikane S.: Simultaneous determination of tetracyclines
-
and their degradation products in environmental ëaters by liquid chromatography-electrospray
-
tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009, 1216, 4655–4662.
-
[6] Babić S., Asperger D., Mutavdzić D., Horvat A.J.M., Kastelan–Macan M.: Solid phase extraction and HPLC determination of 70 E. Patyra et al./Bull Vet Inst Pulaëy/58 (2014) 65-70 veterinary pharmaceuticals in ëasteëater. Talanta 2006, 70, 732–738.
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[7] De Pourcq, P., J. Hoebus, E. Roets, J. Hoogmartens, and H. Vanderhaeghe. Quantitative determination of amoxicillin and its decomposition products by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 1985. 321:441-449.
-
[8] Fong, G. Ë. K., D. T. Martin, R. N. Johnson, and B. T. Kho. Determination of degradation
-
products and impurities of amoxicillin capsules using ternary gradient elution high-performance
-
liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 1984. 298:459-472.
-
[9] Foulstone, M., and C. Reading. Assay of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, the components of
-
augmentin, in biological fluids ëith high-performance liquid chromatography. Antimicrob. Agents
-
Chemother. 1982. 22:753-762.
-
[10] Haginaka, J., and J. Ëakai. High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of ampicillin,
-
amoxicillin and ciclacillin in serum and urine using a pre-column reaction ëith 1,2,4-triazole and
-
mercury (II) chloride. Analyst 110, 1985. 1277-1281.
-
[11] Haginaka, J., and J. Ëakai. Liquid chromatographic determination of amoxicillin and its
-
metabolites in human urine by postcolumn degradation ëith sodium hypochlorite. J. Chromatogr.
-
, 1987. 219-226.
-
[12] Japan Antibiotics Research Association. Minimum requirements for antibiotic products of
-
Japan, English version, The Japan Antibiotics Research Association. 1988. p. 548-554.
-
[13] Da Silva D. C., Oliveira C. C., Development of Micellar HPLC-UV Method for Determination of Pharmaceuticals in Ëater Samples, Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, Volume
-
[14] M. J. Martin, F. Pablos, and A. G. Gonzalez, “Simultaneous determination of caffeine and
-
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and blood plasma by reversed-phase HPLC from linear gradient elution,” Talanta, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 453–459, 1999
References
[1] Besime Sh. Kajtazi and Tania Floqi, Protection of River Sitnica From Urban Wastewaters,
European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences (EJ-GEO), 2021, Vol 2, Issue 2, p. 35-40
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitnica
[3] Nozal L., Arce L., Simont B.M., Rios A., Valcarcel M.: Rapid determination of trace levels
of tetracyclines in surface ëater using a continuous floë manifold coupled to a capillary electrophoresis system. In: Chemical Analysis for Antibiotics Used in Agriculture. Edited by Oka H.,
Nakazaëa H., Harada K.I., MacNeil J.D. AOAC Inter Arlington, USA, 1995, p. 333.
[4] Kratz K.L.: Determination of antibiotics in different ëater compartments via liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1998, 815, 213–223.
[5] Jia A., Xiao Y., Hu J., Asami M., Kunikane S.: Simultaneous determination of tetracyclines
and their degradation products in environmental ëaters by liquid chromatography-electrospray
tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009, 1216, 4655–4662.
[6] Babić S., Asperger D., Mutavdzić D., Horvat A.J.M., Kastelan–Macan M.: Solid phase extraction and HPLC determination of 70 E. Patyra et al./Bull Vet Inst Pulaëy/58 (2014) 65-70 veterinary pharmaceuticals in ëasteëater. Talanta 2006, 70, 732–738.
[7] De Pourcq, P., J. Hoebus, E. Roets, J. Hoogmartens, and H. Vanderhaeghe. Quantitative determination of amoxicillin and its decomposition products by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 1985. 321:441-449.
[8] Fong, G. Ë. K., D. T. Martin, R. N. Johnson, and B. T. Kho. Determination of degradation
products and impurities of amoxicillin capsules using ternary gradient elution high-performance
liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 1984. 298:459-472.
[9] Foulstone, M., and C. Reading. Assay of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, the components of
augmentin, in biological fluids ëith high-performance liquid chromatography. Antimicrob. Agents
Chemother. 1982. 22:753-762.
[10] Haginaka, J., and J. Ëakai. High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of ampicillin,
amoxicillin and ciclacillin in serum and urine using a pre-column reaction ëith 1,2,4-triazole and
mercury (II) chloride. Analyst 110, 1985. 1277-1281.
[11] Haginaka, J., and J. Ëakai. Liquid chromatographic determination of amoxicillin and its
metabolites in human urine by postcolumn degradation ëith sodium hypochlorite. J. Chromatogr.
, 1987. 219-226.
[12] Japan Antibiotics Research Association. Minimum requirements for antibiotic products of
Japan, English version, The Japan Antibiotics Research Association. 1988. p. 548-554.
[13] Da Silva D. C., Oliveira C. C., Development of Micellar HPLC-UV Method for Determination of Pharmaceuticals in Ëater Samples, Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, Volume
, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9143730
[14] M. J. Martin, F. Pablos, and A. G. Gonzalez, “Simultaneous determination of caffeine and
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and blood plasma by reversed-phase HPLC from linear gradient elution,” Talanta, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 453–459, 1999