Bandat serbe në vilajetin e Kosovës dhe në vilajetin e Manastirit gjatë viteve 1903-1908
Abstract
Në këtë punim studimor janë shqyrtuar organizimi, financimi dhe format e veprimeve të bandave serbe në Vilajetin e Kosovës dhe në Vilajetin e Manastirit në fillim të shekullit XX. Po ashtu, do të trajtohen krimet e shumta të çetnikëve ndaj popullsisë civile si dhe luftimet e tyre me bandat bullgare, trupat osmane dhe me shqiptarët. Kryesisht jemi bazuar në rezultate të historiografisë evropiane dhe ballkanike; posaçërisht jemi mbështetur në telegramet e agjencisë së lajmeve Reuters, të cilat janë transmetuar nga shtypi britanik dhe gjenden në British Newspaper Archive. Gjithashtu, kemi shfrytëzuar edhe dokumente britanike të kësaj periudhe, të cilat japin informacione të rëndësishme për financimin e bandave serbe.Keywords:
Banda, çetnik, Vilajeti I Kosovës, Vilajeti i Manastirit, Perandoria Osmane, SerbiaDownloads
References
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John Paul Newman, “Civil and military relations in Serbia during 1903–1914”, in: Dominik Geppert, William Mulligan, Andreas Rose (eds.), The Wars before the Great War. Conflict and International Politics before the Outbreak of the First World War, United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, 2015, 122-123; John Paul Newman, Yugoslavia in the Shadow of War. Veterans and the Limits of State Building, 1903–1945, United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, 2015, 30; Tetsuya Sahara, “The Macedonian Origin of ‘Black Hand’”, in: Srdjan Rudić, Miljan Milkić (eds.), ПРВИ СВЕТСКИ РАТ, СРБИЈА, БАЛКАН И ВЕЛИКЕ СИЛЕ – First World War, Serbia, the Balkans and Great Powers, Belgrade, Institute of Strategic Research & Institute of History, 2015, 414-415; Zekeria Cana, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt çështjes shqiptare 1903-1913, Prishtinë, Instituti Albanologjik i Prishtinës, 2006, 18-20; Thoma Murzaku, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt Shqipërisë gjatë Luftës Ballkanike 1912-1913, Tiranë, Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë – Instituti i Historisë, 1987, 46-48; Skënder Latifi, Çetnikët futeshin në Vilajetin e Kosovës me veshje kombëtare shqiptare, Koha.net, 30 tetor 2023, qasur më 15.11.2023.
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Alexey Timofeev, “Serbian Chetniks – Traditions of Irregular Warfare”, in: Katrin Boeckh, Sabine Rutar (eds.), The Wars of Yesterday. The Balkan Wars and the Emergence of Modern Military Conflict, 1912–13, New York–Oxford, Berghahn, 2020, 262-264; John Paul Newman, “Civil and military relations in Serbia during 1903–1914”, in: Geppert, Mulligan, Rose (eds.), The Wars before the Great War, 122-124; John Paul Newman, Yugoslavia in the Shadow of War, 30; Tetsuya Sahara, “The Macedonian Origin of ‘Black Hand’”, in: Rudić, Milkić (eds.), First World War, 418-422; Zekeria Cana, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt çështjes shqiptare, 19-20, 94; Thoma Murzaku, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt Shqipërisë, 46-50.
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G. P. Gooch, Harold Temperley, Lillian M. Penson (eds.), British Documents on the Origins of the War 1898-1914, Vol. V, The Near East – The Macedonian Problem and the Annexation of Bosnia 1903-9, London, His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1928, Extract from Annual Report for Servia for the Year 1906, 116-117; Douglas Dakin, The Greek Struggle in Macedonia 1897-1913, Thessaloniki, Institute for Balkan Studies, 1966, 253.
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G. P. Gooch, Harold Temperley, Lillian M. Penson (eds.), British Documents on the Origins of the War 1898-1914, Vol. V, The Near East – The Macedonian Problem and the Annexation of Bosnia 1903-9, London, His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1928, Mr. Whitehead to Sir Edward Grey, Belgrade, February 15, 1907, 117; Douglas Dakin, The Greek Struggle in Macedonia 1897-1913, 331-332.
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Zekeria Cana, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt çështjes shqiptare, 11-18; Gábor Demeter, Krisztián Csaplár-Degovics, A Study in the Theory and Practice of Destabilization: Violence and Strategies of Survival in Ottoman Macedonia (1903-1913), Istanbul, The Isis Press, 2018, 118; Thoma Murzaku, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt Shqipërisë, 51.
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Gábor Demeter, Krisztián Csaplár-Degovics, A Study in the Theory and Practice of Destabilization, 116; Skënder Latifi, Çetnikët futeshin në Vilajetin e Kosovës me veshje kombëtare shqiptare, Koha.net, 30 tetor 2023, qasur më 15.11.2023.
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Zekeria Cana, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt çështjes shqiptare, 19.
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Zekeria Cana, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt çështjes shqiptare, 16-17; Gábor Demeter, Krisztián Csaplár-Degovics, A Study in the Theory and Practice of Destabilization, 114-115; Thoma Murzaku, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt Shqipërisë, 50-51.
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The British Newspaper Archive, THE SERVO-ALBANIAN FEUD, The Warwickshire Herald, Warwickshire, England, Thursday 30 June 1887, 7; THE RUMOURED ALBANIAN RAID, The Nottingham Evening Post, Nottinghamshire, England, Wednesday 29 June 1887, 2; TURKEY AND SERVIA, The Devon and Exeter Daily Gazette, Devon, England, Thursday 30 June 1887, 4.
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George Gawrych, Gjysmëhëna dhe Shqiponja – Sundimi Otoman, Islamizimi dhe Shqiptarët 1874-1913, Tiranë, Bota Shqiptare, 2007, 206.
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Alfred Rappaport, “Shkupi i heroizmave, tmerreve dhe lotëve të derdhur”, në: Skënder Latifi (ed.), Shkupi në kohë të paqes dhe tmerreve 1858-1944, Shkup–Prishtinë–Tiranë, Logos-A, 2022, 96.
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Alfred Rappaport, “Shkupi i heroizmave, tmerreve dhe lotëve të derdhur”, në: Skënder Latifi (ed.), Shkupi në kohë të paqes dhe tmerreve 1858-1944, 96.
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John Paul Newman, “Civil and military relations in Serbia during 1903–1914”, in: Geppert, Mulligan, Rose (eds.), The Wars before the Great War, 123; John Paul Newman, Yugoslavia in the Shadow of War, 30-31; Thoma Murzaku, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt Shqipërisë, 12-13, 46-47.
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John Paul Newman, “Civil and military relations in Serbia during 1903–1914”, in: Geppert, Mulligan, Rose (eds.), The Wars before the Great War, 123; John Paul Newman, Yugoslavia in the Shadow of War, 30-31; Ivo Banac, The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics, Ithaca–London, Cornell University Press, 1984, 316.
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Ivo Banac, The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics, 316.
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Thoma Murzaku, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt Shqipërisë, 46-48; Tetsuya Sahara, “The Macedonian Origin of ‘Black Hand’”, in: Rudić, Milkić (eds.), First World War, 404-415; Zekeria Cana, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt çështjes shqiptare, 19-21; Dejan Djokić, A Concise History of Serbia, Cambridge–New York, Cambridge University Press, 2023, 336; Steven W. Sowards, Austria’s Policy of Macedonian Reform, Boulder–New York, East European Monographs, 1989, 44, 76; John Paul Newman, “Civil and military relations in Serbia during 1903–1914”, in: Geppert, Mulligan, Rose (eds.), The Wars before the Great War, 122-124; Alexey Timofeev, “Serbian Chetniks – Traditions of Irregular Warfare”, in: Boeckh, Rutar (eds.), The Wars of Yesterday, 260-265.
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Tetsuya Sahara, “The Macedonian Origin of ‘Black Hand’”, in: Rudić, Milkić (eds.), First World War, 415-416; Skënder Latifi, Çetnikët futeshin në Vilajetin e Kosovës me veshje kombëtare shqiptare, Koha.net, 30 tetor 2023, parë më 15.11.2023.
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The British Newspaper Archive, BALKAN WARFARE – Border Demonstrations. ALBANIANS THREATENING SERVIA, The Echo, London, England, Friday 09 October 1903, 3.
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The British Newspaper Archive, BALKAN REFORM SCHEME. THE PORTE’S REPLY. TURKISH GARRISON REVOLT. BULGARIAN ACTIVITY, The Devon and Exeter Daily Gazette, Devon, England, Thursday 14 January 1904, 6.
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Tetsuya Sahara, “The Macedonian Origin of ‘Black Hand’”, in: Rudić, Milkić (eds.), First World War, 416-417.
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The British Newspaper Archive, GENERAL FOREIGN TELEGRAMS, The Londonderry Sentinel, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, Thursday 10 November 1904, 8.
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The British Newspaper Archive, FIGHTING IN MACEDONIA, The Aberdeen Daily Journal, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, Monday 12 February 1906, 6.
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The British Newspaper Archive, BALKAN TROUBLES. Servian Bands Attack and Murder Villages, The Western Times, Exeter, Devon, England, Monday June 15 1908, 4; WHERE REFORM IS NEEDED, The Manchester Courier, Manchester, England, Monday June 15 1908, 10; Bulgarian Village Attacked, The Irish News and Belfast Morning News, Belfast, Northern Ireland, Monday 15 June 1908, 5.
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Alexey Timofeev, “Serbian Chetniks – Traditions of Irregular Warfare”, in: Katrin Boeckh, Sabine Rutar (eds.), The Wars of Yesterday, 262.
References
John Paul Newman, “Civil and military relations in Serbia during 1903–1914”, in: Dominik Geppert, William Mulligan, Andreas Rose (eds.), The Wars before the Great War. Conflict and International Politics before the Outbreak of the First World War, United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, 2015, 122-123; John Paul Newman, Yugoslavia in the Shadow of War. Veterans and the Limits of State Building, 1903–1945, United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, 2015, 30; Tetsuya Sahara, “The Macedonian Origin of ‘Black Hand’”, in: Srdjan Rudić, Miljan Milkić (eds.), ПРВИ СВЕТСКИ РАТ, СРБИЈА, БАЛКАН И ВЕЛИКЕ СИЛЕ – First World War, Serbia, the Balkans and Great Powers, Belgrade, Institute of Strategic Research & Institute of History, 2015, 414-415; Zekeria Cana, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt çështjes shqiptare 1903-1913, Prishtinë, Instituti Albanologjik i Prishtinës, 2006, 18-20; Thoma Murzaku, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt Shqipërisë gjatë Luftës Ballkanike 1912-1913, Tiranë, Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë – Instituti i Historisë, 1987, 46-48; Skënder Latifi, Çetnikët futeshin në Vilajetin e Kosovës me veshje kombëtare shqiptare, Koha.net, 30 tetor 2023, qasur më 15.11.2023.
Alexey Timofeev, “Serbian Chetniks – Traditions of Irregular Warfare”, in: Katrin Boeckh, Sabine Rutar (eds.), The Wars of Yesterday. The Balkan Wars and the Emergence of Modern Military Conflict, 1912–13, New York–Oxford, Berghahn, 2020, 262-264; John Paul Newman, “Civil and military relations in Serbia during 1903–1914”, in: Geppert, Mulligan, Rose (eds.), The Wars before the Great War, 122-124; John Paul Newman, Yugoslavia in the Shadow of War, 30; Tetsuya Sahara, “The Macedonian Origin of ‘Black Hand’”, in: Rudić, Milkić (eds.), First World War, 418-422; Zekeria Cana, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt çështjes shqiptare, 19-20, 94; Thoma Murzaku, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt Shqipërisë, 46-50.
G. P. Gooch, Harold Temperley, Lillian M. Penson (eds.), British Documents on the Origins of the War 1898-1914, Vol. V, The Near East – The Macedonian Problem and the Annexation of Bosnia 1903-9, London, His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1928, Extract from Annual Report for Servia for the Year 1906, 116-117; Douglas Dakin, The Greek Struggle in Macedonia 1897-1913, Thessaloniki, Institute for Balkan Studies, 1966, 253.
G. P. Gooch, Harold Temperley, Lillian M. Penson (eds.), British Documents on the Origins of the War 1898-1914, Vol. V, The Near East – The Macedonian Problem and the Annexation of Bosnia 1903-9, London, His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1928, Mr. Whitehead to Sir Edward Grey, Belgrade, February 15, 1907, 117; Douglas Dakin, The Greek Struggle in Macedonia 1897-1913, 331-332.
Zekeria Cana, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt çështjes shqiptare, 11-18; Gábor Demeter, Krisztián Csaplár-Degovics, A Study in the Theory and Practice of Destabilization: Violence and Strategies of Survival in Ottoman Macedonia (1903-1913), Istanbul, The Isis Press, 2018, 118; Thoma Murzaku, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt Shqipërisë, 51.
Gábor Demeter, Krisztián Csaplár-Degovics, A Study in the Theory and Practice of Destabilization, 116; Skënder Latifi, Çetnikët futeshin në Vilajetin e Kosovës me veshje kombëtare shqiptare, Koha.net, 30 tetor 2023, qasur më 15.11.2023.
Zekeria Cana, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt çështjes shqiptare, 19.
Zekeria Cana, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt çështjes shqiptare, 16-17; Gábor Demeter, Krisztián Csaplár-Degovics, A Study in the Theory and Practice of Destabilization, 114-115; Thoma Murzaku, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt Shqipërisë, 50-51.
The British Newspaper Archive, THE SERVO-ALBANIAN FEUD, The Warwickshire Herald, Warwickshire, England, Thursday 30 June 1887, 7; THE RUMOURED ALBANIAN RAID, The Nottingham Evening Post, Nottinghamshire, England, Wednesday 29 June 1887, 2; TURKEY AND SERVIA, The Devon and Exeter Daily Gazette, Devon, England, Thursday 30 June 1887, 4.
George Gawrych, Gjysmëhëna dhe Shqiponja – Sundimi Otoman, Islamizimi dhe Shqiptarët 1874-1913, Tiranë, Bota Shqiptare, 2007, 206.
Alfred Rappaport, “Shkupi i heroizmave, tmerreve dhe lotëve të derdhur”, në: Skënder Latifi (ed.), Shkupi në kohë të paqes dhe tmerreve 1858-1944, Shkup–Prishtinë–Tiranë, Logos-A, 2022, 96.
Alfred Rappaport, “Shkupi i heroizmave, tmerreve dhe lotëve të derdhur”, në: Skënder Latifi (ed.), Shkupi në kohë të paqes dhe tmerreve 1858-1944, 96.
John Paul Newman, “Civil and military relations in Serbia during 1903–1914”, in: Geppert, Mulligan, Rose (eds.), The Wars before the Great War, 123; John Paul Newman, Yugoslavia in the Shadow of War, 30-31; Thoma Murzaku, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt Shqipërisë, 12-13, 46-47.
John Paul Newman, “Civil and military relations in Serbia during 1903–1914”, in: Geppert, Mulligan, Rose (eds.), The Wars before the Great War, 123; John Paul Newman, Yugoslavia in the Shadow of War, 30-31; Ivo Banac, The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics, Ithaca–London, Cornell University Press, 1984, 316.
Ivo Banac, The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics, 316.
Thoma Murzaku, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt Shqipërisë, 46-48; Tetsuya Sahara, “The Macedonian Origin of ‘Black Hand’”, in: Rudić, Milkić (eds.), First World War, 404-415; Zekeria Cana, Politika e Serbisë kundrejt çështjes shqiptare, 19-21; Dejan Djokić, A Concise History of Serbia, Cambridge–New York, Cambridge University Press, 2023, 336; Steven W. Sowards, Austria’s Policy of Macedonian Reform, Boulder–New York, East European Monographs, 1989, 44, 76; John Paul Newman, “Civil and military relations in Serbia during 1903–1914”, in: Geppert, Mulligan, Rose (eds.), The Wars before the Great War, 122-124; Alexey Timofeev, “Serbian Chetniks – Traditions of Irregular Warfare”, in: Boeckh, Rutar (eds.), The Wars of Yesterday, 260-265.
Tetsuya Sahara, “The Macedonian Origin of ‘Black Hand’”, in: Rudić, Milkić (eds.), First World War, 415-416; Skënder Latifi, Çetnikët futeshin në Vilajetin e Kosovës me veshje kombëtare shqiptare, Koha.net, 30 tetor 2023, parë më 15.11.2023.
The British Newspaper Archive, BALKAN WARFARE – Border Demonstrations. ALBANIANS THREATENING SERVIA, The Echo, London, England, Friday 09 October 1903, 3.
The British Newspaper Archive, BALKAN REFORM SCHEME. THE PORTE’S REPLY. TURKISH GARRISON REVOLT. BULGARIAN ACTIVITY, The Devon and Exeter Daily Gazette, Devon, England, Thursday 14 January 1904, 6.
Tetsuya Sahara, “The Macedonian Origin of ‘Black Hand’”, in: Rudić, Milkić (eds.), First World War, 416-417.
The British Newspaper Archive, GENERAL FOREIGN TELEGRAMS, The Londonderry Sentinel, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, Thursday 10 November 1904, 8.
The British Newspaper Archive, FIGHTING IN MACEDONIA, The Aberdeen Daily Journal, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, Monday 12 February 1906, 6.
The British Newspaper Archive, BALKAN TROUBLES. Servian Bands Attack and Murder Villages, The Western Times, Exeter, Devon, England, Monday June 15 1908, 4; WHERE REFORM IS NEEDED, The Manchester Courier, Manchester, England, Monday June 15 1908, 10; Bulgarian Village Attacked, The Irish News and Belfast Morning News, Belfast, Northern Ireland, Monday 15 June 1908, 5.
Alexey Timofeev, “Serbian Chetniks – Traditions of Irregular Warfare”, in: Katrin Boeckh, Sabine Rutar (eds.), The Wars of Yesterday, 262.
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