Kumtesa

Edukimi dhe Emancipimi i Femrës në Kosovë (1945-1975): Politikat arsimore dhe sfidat shoqërore

  • Arben Berisha
  • Behxhet Dibrani
Published 2026-01-01 Faqet 7-24

Abstract

Qëllimi i këtij studimi është të krijojë mekanizma për ndikimin e reformave rregullatore dhe ligjore dhe iniciativave arsimore në transformimin e statusit shoqëror të grave shqiptare në Kosovë në kontekstin e modernizimit socialist jugosllav. Studimi zbatoi parimet e historicizmit, objektivitetit dhe qëndrueshmërisë, metodat e analizës strukturore dhe funksionale, metodën krahasuese, metodën e analizës kritike, analizën e sistemit dhe qasjen ndërsektoriale për shqyrtimin e formave të shumëfishta të diskriminimit. Është vërtetuar se evolucioni i dispozitës ligjore të arsimit të grave u zhvillua përmes tre akteve kryesore legjislative: Ligjit Federal mbi arsimin e detyrueshëm (1945), Dekretit mbi shkollimin (1949) dhe Ligjit mbi ndalimin e mbulesës (1951), i cili krijoi bazën ligjore për barazinë formale gjinore, por zbatimi i tyre praktik zbuloi çekuilibra të konsiderueshme rajonale dhe etnike. Programet e shkrim-leximit kanë treguar rezultate sasiore mbresëlënëse - shkalla e përfundimit të arsimit fillor të vajzave është rritur nga 10-15% në 85% gjatë periudhës së studimit, dhe rreth 90,000 vajza dhe gra shqiptare kanë përfunduar kurse të specializuara, por ndryshimet rajonale midis zonave urbane (80-90% e performancës akademike) dhe zonave rurale (30-40% e performancës akademike) kanë mbetur kritikisht të larta. Është vërtetuar se faktorët socio-kulturorë, në veçanti traditat patriarkale, të sanksionuara në të drejtën zakonore të Kanunit, krijuan rezistencë sistemike ndaj arsimimit të grave, e cila u kapërcye vetëm pjesërisht përmes veprimeve simbolike, duke përfshirë fushatën për heqjen e perçes, e cila përfshinte më shumë se 86 mijë gra. Përcaktohen specifikat e modelit të "emancipimit nga lart", i cili u karakterizua nga instrumentalizimi i çlirimit të grave për të legjitimuar regjimin socialist dhe agjencia e kufizuar e vetë grave në procesin e emancipimit. Natyra ndërsektoriale e diskriminimit ndaj grave shqiptare si anëtare të një pakice gjinore, etnike dhe rajonale krijoi një konfigurim unik të përjashtimit social që kërkonte qasje specifike për të kapërcyer format e shumta të margjinalizimit. Rëndësia praktike e studimit qëndron në zgjerimin e themeleve teorike të analizës së transformimeve gjinore në shoqëritë multietnike dhe formimin e një baze metodologjike për zhvillimin e strategjive efektive për të kapërcyer pabarazinë arsimore në kontekstin e diversitetit etnokulturor.
Keywords pabarazi gjinore struktura patriarkale e drejta zakonore akte normative ligjore pakica etnike.

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