Fasada urbane, nuanca politike
Kthesa nacionaliste e Tiranës në arkitekturë dhe nëntekstet e saj
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71398/as.vi22.5808Abstract
Ky artikull shqyrton përdorimin e narrativave nacionaliste në arkitekturë në qytetet shqiptare, duke u përqendruar më shumë në Tiranë, si pasqyrim i ndryshimit të dinamikave të pushtetit, të ideologjisë dhe të identitetit kombëtar përgjatë regjimeve të ndryshme politike. Që nga fillimi i shekullit XX, përgjatë epokës së shtetit socialist dhe deri në periudhën bashkëkohore neoliberale, arkitektura në Tiranë është përdorur si mjet shprehjeje dhe dominimi politik. Pavarësisht përplasjeve ideologjike të nacionalizmit, si me socializmin, ashtu edhe me neoliberalizmin, vetë këto regjime kanë përdorur retorikë nacionaliste për të formësuar arkitekturat dhe për të konsoliduar pushtetin politik. Nën regjimin socialist, arkitektura shkriu nacionalizmin me ideologjinë socialiste për të projektuar një identitet kombëtar shqiptar si evropian dhe socialist, që ilustrohet me ndërtesa si Muzeu Historik Kombëtar dhe Muzeu Skënderbeu në Krujë. Që nga viti 2010, nën kryeministrin Edi Rama, arkitektura nacionaliste po shfaqet aktualisht si një përzierje e identitetit kombëtar me agjendat neoliberale. Kjo prirje e ilustruar, ndër të tjera, me projekte si Downtown One Tirana (Ndërtesa e Hartës) dhe Ndërtesa e Skënderbeut, të projektuara nga MVRDV, shpesh e redukton identitetin shqiptar në simbole thjesht komerciale të hartuara për konsum të huaj, duke i dhënë përparësi përfitimit ekonomik mbi një trashëgimi të pasur dhe të larmishme kulturore. Artikulli arrin në përfundimin se ndërsa dinamika e pushtetit ka evoluar, instrumentalizimi i arkitekturës nga pushtetarët vazhdon, megjithëse në forma më joshëse dhe përmes figurës së arkitektit yll (starchitect).3 Arkitekturat e fundit me temë nacionaliste në Tiranë tregojnë se nacionalizmi ballkanik, nga njëra anë, perceptohet shpesh si një shënues i “prapambetjes”, por nga ana tjetër, vetë kjo prapambetje vjen e bëhet ekzotike, kur interpretohet tani me ironi ose humor nga arkitektë të shquar perëndimorë.
Keywords:
nacionalizmi socialist, nacionalizmi neoliberal, arkitektura e markës së kombit, Skënderbeu, TiranaDownloads
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Small-Scale Informal to Investor-Driven Urban
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Austrian Geographical Society vol. 162, 2020, pp. 65–90.
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Politics of Nation Branding in Macedonia”. Cultural
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World War. New York: Routledge, 2000.
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International Political Economy. vol. 19, no. 1, Feb. 2012,
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York: Routledge, 2016.
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Resistance: The Struggle to Save the Albanian National
Theater”, in Gerhard Bruyns and Stavros Kousoulas, eds.,
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Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2022, pp.
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Architectural Review, 19 May 2021,
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Coloniality along the Balkan Route. Durham: Duke
University Press, 2022.
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Smith, Anthony D. Nations and Nationalism in a Global Era.
Cambridge, UK: Polity, 1995.
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Spencer, Philip, and Howard Wollman, Nations and
Nationalism: A Reader. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University
Press, 2005.
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Naimi te Kadareja. 4th ed., Tirana: Pika pa sipërfaqe, 2019.
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MIT Press, 1977.
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and International Migration. Amsterdam: Amsterdam
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBLbIH3wYkU
[referuar më: 21.08.2024].
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albanians-scapegoats-britain-failing-ideological-projectinvaders [referuar më: 21.08.2024].
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Vilified”, ABC Listen, 21 August 2023,
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ation-of-albanian-migrants-in-the-uk-lea-ypi/102757132
[referuar më: 21.08.2024].
Yuval-Davis, Nira. Gender and Nation. California: Sage
Publications, 1997.



