Leptospirosis in humans during 2012-2014 years in Albania
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55312/op.vi2.4362Abstract
Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotics disease caused by the spirochete Leptospira spp. In recent years this disease has gained importance in Albania due to increased number of infected persons. The aim is to present an overview of positive cases serologically diagnosed for Leptospira spp during three yearsKeywords:
Antibodies IgM and IgG, ELISA, positivity, Leptospirosis.Downloads
References
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Bharti, A.R., Nally, J.E., Ricaldi, J.N., et. al. Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2003; 3, 757-71.
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Adler, B. and de la Peña Moctezuma, A. Leptospira and leptospirosis. Veterinary Microbiology 2010, 140, 287-96.
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Faine, S., Adler. B., Bolin, C. and Perolat, P. (eds). Leptospira and Leptospirosis. Medisci Melbourne, Australia, 1999.
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Hirsh, D.C., MacLachlan, N.J. and Walker, R.L. (eds). Veterinary Microbiology. Spiral-Curved Organisms V: Leptospira. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, USA, 2004.
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Nalam, K., Ahmed, A., Devi, S.M. et. al. Genetic affi nities within a large global collection of pathogenic Leptospira: implications for strain identifi cation and molecular epidemiology. 2010; PLoS One 5, e12637.
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Picardeau, M. Diagnosis and epidemiology of leptospirosis. Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 2013; 43, 1-9.
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Victoriano, A.F., Smythe, L.D., Gloriani- Barzaga, N., Cavinta, L.L., Kasai, T., Limpakarnjanarat, K., Ong, B.L., Gongal, G., Hall, J., Coulombe, C.A., Yanagihara, Y., Yoshida, S. and Adler, B. Leptospirosis in the Asia Pacifi c region. BMC Infectious Diseases 2009; 9, 147, 18.
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Levett, P.N. Leptospirosis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2001;14, 296-326.
-
Sharma, M. and Yadav, A. Leptospirosis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Control. Journal of Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Agents 2008; 25, 93-103.
-
Hartskeerl, R.A., Collares-Pereira, M. and Ellis, W.A. Emergence, control and re-emerging leptospirosis: dynamics of infection in the changing world. Clinical and Infection 2011; 17, 494-501.
-
Musso, D. and La Scola, B. Laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis: A challenge. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection 2013; 46, 245-52.
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Lau, C.L., Dobson, A.J., Smythe, L.D. et.al. Leptospirosis in American Samoa: epidemiology, environmental drivers, and the management of emergence. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2010; 86, 309-19, 2012a.
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Ko, A.I., Goarant, C. and Picardeau, M. Leptospira: the dawn of the molecular genetics era for an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Nature Reviews Microbiology 2009; 7, 736-47.
-
Yang, C.W. Leptospirosis in Taiwan-an underestimated infectious disease. Chang Gung Medical Journal 2007; 30, 109-15.
References
Bharti, A.R., Nally, J.E., Ricaldi, J.N., et. al. Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2003; 3, 757-71.
Adler, B. and de la Peña Moctezuma, A. Leptospira and leptospirosis. Veterinary Microbiology 2010, 140, 287-96.
Faine, S., Adler. B., Bolin, C. and Perolat, P. (eds). Leptospira and Leptospirosis. Medisci Melbourne, Australia, 1999.
Hirsh, D.C., MacLachlan, N.J. and Walker, R.L. (eds). Veterinary Microbiology. Spiral-Curved Organisms V: Leptospira. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, USA, 2004.
Nalam, K., Ahmed, A., Devi, S.M. et. al. Genetic affi nities within a large global collection of pathogenic Leptospira: implications for strain identifi cation and molecular epidemiology. 2010; PLoS One 5, e12637.
Picardeau, M. Diagnosis and epidemiology of leptospirosis. Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 2013; 43, 1-9.
Victoriano, A.F., Smythe, L.D., Gloriani- Barzaga, N., Cavinta, L.L., Kasai, T., Limpakarnjanarat, K., Ong, B.L., Gongal, G., Hall, J., Coulombe, C.A., Yanagihara, Y., Yoshida, S. and Adler, B. Leptospirosis in the Asia Pacifi c region. BMC Infectious Diseases 2009; 9, 147, 18.
Levett, P.N. Leptospirosis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2001;14, 296-326.
Sharma, M. and Yadav, A. Leptospirosis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Control. Journal of Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Agents 2008; 25, 93-103.
Hartskeerl, R.A., Collares-Pereira, M. and Ellis, W.A. Emergence, control and re-emerging leptospirosis: dynamics of infection in the changing world. Clinical and Infection 2011; 17, 494-501.
Musso, D. and La Scola, B. Laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis: A challenge. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection 2013; 46, 245-52.
Lau, C.L., Dobson, A.J., Smythe, L.D. et.al. Leptospirosis in American Samoa: epidemiology, environmental drivers, and the management of emergence. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2010; 86, 309-19, 2012a.
Ko, A.I., Goarant, C. and Picardeau, M. Leptospira: the dawn of the molecular genetics era for an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Nature Reviews Microbiology 2009; 7, 736-47.
Yang, C.W. Leptospirosis in Taiwan-an underestimated infectious disease. Chang Gung Medical Journal 2007; 30, 109-15.
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