Students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding metabolic syndrome: An in-depth summary
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55312/op.v17i1.7247Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a growing public health challenge worldwide, characterized by a cluster of metabolic risk factors that increase the likelihood of cardiovascular disease and diabetes [1][2]. This study explores the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and beliefs (KAPB) of university students in Albania regarding MetS, with a focus on obesity, hypertension, and lipid disorders. Given the limited data on young populations in Albania [15], assessing students’ awareness is critical since they represent future healthcare professionals and potential agents of preventive change.Keywords:
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References
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1. Alberti, K. G. M. M., Zimmet, P., & Shaw, J. (2005). The metabolic syndrome—a new worldwide definition. The Lancet, 366(9491), 1059–1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67402-8 (Alberti, Zimmet, & Shaw, 2005)
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2. Grundy, S. M. (2008). Metabolic syndrome pandemic. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular
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Biology, 28(4), 629–636. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.151092
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(Grundy, 2008)
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3. International Diabetes Federation. (2006). The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the meta-bolic syndrome. Retrieved from https://www.idf.org/e-library/consensus-statements/60-idfconsen-sus-worldwide-definitionof-the-metabolic-syndrome.html
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(International Diabetes Federation [IDF], 2006)
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4. Ford, E. S., Li, C., & Zhao, G. (2010). Prevalence and correlates of metabolic syndrome based on a harmonious definition among adults in the US. Journal of Diabetes, 2(3), 180–193. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1753-0407.2010.00079.x
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(Ford, Li, & Zhao, 2010)
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5. Mottillo, S., Filion, K. B., Genest, J., Joseph, L., Pilote, L., Poirier, P., … Eisenberg, M. J. (2010). The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 56(14), 1113–1132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.05.034 (Mottillo et al., 2010)
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6. Piepoli, M. F., Hoes, A. W., Agewall, S., Albus, C., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., … ESC Scientific Document Group. (2016). 2016 European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clini-cal practice. European Heart Journal, 37(29), 2315–2381. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106 (Piepoli et al., 2016)
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7. Esposito, K., Chiodini, P., Colao, A., Lenzi, A., & Giugliano, D. (2012). Metabolic syndrome and risk of cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care, 35(11), 2402–2411. https:// doi.org/10.2337/dc12-0337
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(Esposito et al., 2012)
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8. Eckel, R. H., Grundy, S. M., & Zimmet, P. Z. (2005). The metabolic syndrome. The Lancet,
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365(9468), 1415–1428. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66378-7
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(Eckel, Grundy, & Zimmet, 2005)
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9. WHO. (2018). Obesity and overweight. World Health Organization Fact Sheet. Retrieved from
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https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
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(World Health Organization [WHO], 2018)
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10. Sattar, N., & Gill, J. M. R. (2014). Type 2 diabetes as a disease of ectopic fat? BMC Medicine, 12,
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(Sattar & Gill, 2014)
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11. Balkau, B., & Charles, M. A. (1999). Comment on the provisional report from the WHO consulta-tion. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR). Diabetic Medicine, 16(5), 442–
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(Balkau & Charles, 1999)
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12. Salihu, H. M., Wilson, R. E., Alio, A. P., & King, L. P. (2012). Diabetes, hypertension and metabol-ic syndrome: The challenge of epidemiology and management in Sub-Saharan Africa. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome, 6(3), 107–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2012.06.003
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(Salihu et al., 2012)
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13. World Health Organization. (2020). The role of nurses and midwives in primary health care. Re-trieved from https://www.who.int/hrh/nursing_midwifery/en/
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(World Health Organization, 2020)
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14. Glanz, K., Rimer, B. K., & Viswanath, K. (2015). Health behavior: Theory, research, and practice
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(5th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
References
1. Alberti, K. G. M. M., Zimmet, P., & Shaw, J. (2005). The metabolic syndrome—a new worldwide definition. The Lancet, 366(9491), 1059–1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67402-8 (Alberti, Zimmet, & Shaw, 2005)
2. Grundy, S. M. (2008). Metabolic syndrome pandemic. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular
Biology, 28(4), 629–636. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.151092
(Grundy, 2008)
3. International Diabetes Federation. (2006). The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the meta-bolic syndrome. Retrieved from https://www.idf.org/e-library/consensus-statements/60-idfconsen-sus-worldwide-definitionof-the-metabolic-syndrome.html
(International Diabetes Federation [IDF], 2006)
4. Ford, E. S., Li, C., & Zhao, G. (2010). Prevalence and correlates of metabolic syndrome based on a harmonious definition among adults in the US. Journal of Diabetes, 2(3), 180–193. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1753-0407.2010.00079.x
(Ford, Li, & Zhao, 2010)
5. Mottillo, S., Filion, K. B., Genest, J., Joseph, L., Pilote, L., Poirier, P., … Eisenberg, M. J. (2010). The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 56(14), 1113–1132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.05.034 (Mottillo et al., 2010)
6. Piepoli, M. F., Hoes, A. W., Agewall, S., Albus, C., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., … ESC Scientific Document Group. (2016). 2016 European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clini-cal practice. European Heart Journal, 37(29), 2315–2381. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106 (Piepoli et al., 2016)
7. Esposito, K., Chiodini, P., Colao, A., Lenzi, A., & Giugliano, D. (2012). Metabolic syndrome and risk of cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care, 35(11), 2402–2411. https:// doi.org/10.2337/dc12-0337
(Esposito et al., 2012)
8. Eckel, R. H., Grundy, S. M., & Zimmet, P. Z. (2005). The metabolic syndrome. The Lancet,
365(9468), 1415–1428. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66378-7
(Eckel, Grundy, & Zimmet, 2005)
9. WHO. (2018). Obesity and overweight. World Health Organization Fact Sheet. Retrieved from
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
(World Health Organization [WHO], 2018)
10. Sattar, N., & Gill, J. M. R. (2014). Type 2 diabetes as a disease of ectopic fat? BMC Medicine, 12,
123. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-014-0123-4
(Sattar & Gill, 2014)
11. Balkau, B., & Charles, M. A. (1999). Comment on the provisional report from the WHO consulta-tion. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR). Diabetic Medicine, 16(5), 442–
443. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00084.x
(Balkau & Charles, 1999)
12. Salihu, H. M., Wilson, R. E., Alio, A. P., & King, L. P. (2012). Diabetes, hypertension and metabol-ic syndrome: The challenge of epidemiology and management in Sub-Saharan Africa. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome, 6(3), 107–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2012.06.003
(Salihu et al., 2012)
13. World Health Organization. (2020). The role of nurses and midwives in primary health care. Re-trieved from https://www.who.int/hrh/nursing_midwifery/en/
(World Health Organization, 2020)
14. Glanz, K., Rimer, B. K., & Viswanath, K. (2015). Health behavior: Theory, research, and practice
(5th ed.). Jossey-Bass.



