Alcohol use among adolescents and parenting styles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55312/op.v17i1.7264Abstract
The aspect of alcohol use among adolescents and the style and role that parenting plays in their upbring-ing is a concept and issue that is increasingly being discussed in literature and various writings nowa-days. The growing importance attributed to this topic comes from the fact that the number of adolescents consuming alcohol at such an early age has increased significantly. The aim of this study is to identify the factors that influence alcohol use among adolescents, as well as the role that parents have played and continue to play in educating their children about the problems adolescents face during this period. It also seeks to understand what parenting style is used—whether these adolescents come from families with authoritarian, permissive, or balanced (authoritative) parents. This is a quantitative study, as the instrument used for data collection is a questionnaire. The study in-cludes four second-year groups from four high schools in the city of Tirana. The selected sample con-sists of high school students aged 16–17, with an effort made to maintain a gender balance among the participants. This study attempts to explain the psychological and social factors that lead adolescents to alcohol use, as well as the impact alcohol has on their health and lives. Furthermore, it takes into account the role of parents and the parenting styles they use with their children, which is a very important aspect in the education of adolescents, helping to prevent them from engaging in risky behaviors such as alcohol use at this age. The number of adolescents who consume alcohol regularly in Albania has been significantly increasing in recent years.Keywords:
alcohol, adolescents, parenting style, peer influence, public health, Albania.Downloads
References
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1. Adams, G. R., Jones, R. M., Female adolescents‟ identity development: Age comparisons and per-ceived child-rearing experience, Developmental Psychology,1983, pp. 19, 249-256.
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2. 2.Adams, G. R., Ryan, B. A., Keating, L., Family relationships, academic environments, and psy-chosocial development during the university experience: A longitudinal investigation, “Journal of Adolescent Research”, 2000, pp. 15, 99-122.
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3. Baumrind, D. Parental disciplinary patterns and social competence in children. Youth and Soci-ety 9:238–276, 1978..Berndt, T. J. and Keefe, Friends influence on adolescents’ adjustment to school,
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4. Child Development, 1995, pp. 66, 1312-1329. Bhushan, R., Shirali, K. A., Family types and com-munication with parents: A comparison of youth, “Journal of Youth and Adolescence”, 1992, pp. 21, 687-697.
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5. Blos, P., The adolescent passage: Developmental issues, New York: International Universities Press, 1979.
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7. Johnston, L.D.; Miech, R.A.; O’Malley, P.M.; et al. Monitoring the Future National Survey: Trends in Lifetime Prevalence of Use of Various Drugs in Grades 8, 10, and 12, 2016. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 2016.
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8. Grant, B.F., and Dawson, D.A. Age at onset of alcohol use and its association with DSM–IV al-cohol abuse and dependence: Results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Sur-vey. Journal of Substance Abuse 9:103–110, 1997.
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9. Squeglia, L.M.; Jacobus, J.; and Tapert, S.F. The influence of substance use on adolescent brain de-velopment. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 40(1):31–38, 2009.
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10. Jackson, C. Perceived legitimacy of parental authority and tobacco and alcohol use during early ado-lescence. Journal of Adolescent Health 31(5):425–432, 2002.
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11. Simons-Morton, B.; Haynie, D.L.; Crump, A.D.; et al. Peer and parent influences on smoking and drinking among early adolescents. Health Education & Behavior 28(1):95–107, 2001.
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12. Patock-Peckham, J.A., and Morgan-Lopez, A.A. College drinking behaviors: Mediational links be-tween parenting styles, parental bonds, depression, and alcohol problems. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 21(3):297–306, 2007.
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13. Steinberg, L.; Lamborn, S.D.; Dornbusch, S.M.; and Darling, N. Impact of parenting practices on adolescent achievement: Authoritative parenting, school involvement, and encouragement to suc-ceed. Child Development 63(5):1266–1281, 1992.
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14. Komro, K.A.; Maldonado-Molina, M.M.; Tobler, A.L.; et al. Effects of home access and availability of alcohol on young adolescents’ alcohol use. Addiction 102(10):1597–1608, 2007.
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15. Van der Vorst, H.; Engels, R.C.; and Burk, Ë.J. Do parents and best friends influence the normative increase in adolescents’ alcohol use at home and outside the home? Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 71(1):105–114, 2010.
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16. Van der Vorst, H.; Engels, R.C.; Meeus, W.; and Dekovic, M. The impact of alcohol-specific rules, pa-rental norms about early drinking and parental alcohol use on adolescents’ drinking behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 47(12):1299–1306, 2006.
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17. Foley, K.L.; Altman, D.; Durant, R.H.; and Wolfson, M. Adults’ approval and adolescents’ alcohol use. Journal of Adolescent Health 35(4):e17–e26, 2004.
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18. Schuckit, M.A. An overview of genetic influences in alcoholism. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 36(1):S5–S14, 2009.
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19. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Surgeon General’s Call to Action To Prevent and Reduce Underage Drinking: A Guide to Action for Families. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2007. Available at: http://ëëë. camy.org/_docs/resources/fact-sheets/Call_To_Action.pdf. Accessed 1/20/17.
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20. http://omi.al/slider/alkooli-dhe-humbja-e-kujteses-tek-meshkujt/
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21. https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/adolescentflyer/adolflyer.htm
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22. http://www.gjournals.org/GJER/GJER%20PDF/2012/March/Changalwa%20et%20al.pdf
References
1. Adams, G. R., Jones, R. M., Female adolescents‟ identity development: Age comparisons and per-ceived child-rearing experience, Developmental Psychology,1983, pp. 19, 249-256.
2. 2.Adams, G. R., Ryan, B. A., Keating, L., Family relationships, academic environments, and psy-chosocial development during the university experience: A longitudinal investigation, “Journal of Adolescent Research”, 2000, pp. 15, 99-122.
3. Baumrind, D. Parental disciplinary patterns and social competence in children. Youth and Soci-ety 9:238–276, 1978..Berndt, T. J. and Keefe, Friends influence on adolescents’ adjustment to school,
4. Child Development, 1995, pp. 66, 1312-1329. Bhushan, R., Shirali, K. A., Family types and com-munication with parents: A comparison of youth, “Journal of Youth and Adolescence”, 1992, pp. 21, 687-697.
5. Blos, P., The adolescent passage: Developmental issues, New York: International Universities Press, 1979.
6. Cooper (eds.), Adolescent development in the family: Neë directions in child development, San Fran-cisco: Jossey-Bass, 1983, pp. 43-5
7. Johnston, L.D.; Miech, R.A.; O’Malley, P.M.; et al. Monitoring the Future National Survey: Trends in Lifetime Prevalence of Use of Various Drugs in Grades 8, 10, and 12, 2016. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 2016.
8. Grant, B.F., and Dawson, D.A. Age at onset of alcohol use and its association with DSM–IV al-cohol abuse and dependence: Results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Sur-vey. Journal of Substance Abuse 9:103–110, 1997.
9. Squeglia, L.M.; Jacobus, J.; and Tapert, S.F. The influence of substance use on adolescent brain de-velopment. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 40(1):31–38, 2009.
10. Jackson, C. Perceived legitimacy of parental authority and tobacco and alcohol use during early ado-lescence. Journal of Adolescent Health 31(5):425–432, 2002.
11. Simons-Morton, B.; Haynie, D.L.; Crump, A.D.; et al. Peer and parent influences on smoking and drinking among early adolescents. Health Education & Behavior 28(1):95–107, 2001.
12. Patock-Peckham, J.A., and Morgan-Lopez, A.A. College drinking behaviors: Mediational links be-tween parenting styles, parental bonds, depression, and alcohol problems. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 21(3):297–306, 2007.
13. Steinberg, L.; Lamborn, S.D.; Dornbusch, S.M.; and Darling, N. Impact of parenting practices on adolescent achievement: Authoritative parenting, school involvement, and encouragement to suc-ceed. Child Development 63(5):1266–1281, 1992.
14. Komro, K.A.; Maldonado-Molina, M.M.; Tobler, A.L.; et al. Effects of home access and availability of alcohol on young adolescents’ alcohol use. Addiction 102(10):1597–1608, 2007.
15. Van der Vorst, H.; Engels, R.C.; and Burk, Ë.J. Do parents and best friends influence the normative increase in adolescents’ alcohol use at home and outside the home? Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 71(1):105–114, 2010.
16. Van der Vorst, H.; Engels, R.C.; Meeus, W.; and Dekovic, M. The impact of alcohol-specific rules, pa-rental norms about early drinking and parental alcohol use on adolescents’ drinking behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 47(12):1299–1306, 2006.
17. Foley, K.L.; Altman, D.; Durant, R.H.; and Wolfson, M. Adults’ approval and adolescents’ alcohol use. Journal of Adolescent Health 35(4):e17–e26, 2004.
18. Schuckit, M.A. An overview of genetic influences in alcoholism. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 36(1):S5–S14, 2009.
19. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Surgeon General’s Call to Action To Prevent and Reduce Underage Drinking: A Guide to Action for Families. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2007. Available at: http://ëëë. camy.org/_docs/resources/fact-sheets/Call_To_Action.pdf. Accessed 1/20/17.
20. http://omi.al/slider/alkooli-dhe-humbja-e-kujteses-tek-meshkujt/
21. https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/adolescentflyer/adolflyer.htm
22. http://www.gjournals.org/GJER/GJER%20PDF/2012/March/Changalwa%20et%20al.pdf



