The impact of digitalization on the legal protection of victims of cybercrime: A critical analysis and perspectives for Albania

Abstract

In an increasingly digitalized society, where social, economic, and institutional interactions are shifting to the virtual sphere, cybercrime has become a major challenge for criminal justice and the protection of individuals’ fundamental rights. This paper analyzes the impact of digitalization on the legal protection of victims of cybercrime, by examining the transformation of the nature of crime, the new forms of victimization, and the legal challenges arising from these developments. Relying on a theoretical and comparative analysis methodology, the paper identifies gaps in the current protection of victims at both the European and national levels, and critically addresses the limitations of the traditional punitive model in the context of digital crime. Within this framework, alternatives are proposed for building a new model of protection, based on integrated assistance, harm restoration, and the guarantee of victims’ rights, inspired by the most advanced models of the European Union. The paper concludes with concrete recommendations for adapting the Albanian system to the new challenges of cybercrime, highlighting the need for institutional, legal, and social reforms to ensure the effective protection of fundamental rights in the digital age.