Efektet e emigricionit mbi varfërinë, pabarazinë dhe formimin e kapitalit human në Shqipëri
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55312/op.vi2.4641Abstract
Shqipëria ka një nga normat më të larta të emigracionit në botë, 3.3 emigrantë për 1,000 njerëz, dhe sipas Departamentit të Çështjeve Ekonomike dhe Sociale të OKB-së ka më shumë se 1.25 milion emigrantë shqiptarë. Në vitin 2010 Shqipërisë iu mundësua lëvizja e lirë pa viza në zonën Shengen dhe kjo ndikoi edhe në rritjen e numrit të migrantëve dhe kalimin e kufijve, veçanërisht nëpër kufirin tokësor midis Greqisë dhe Shqipërisë. Kjo lëvizje e kalimit të kufijve ishte për shumë vite një nga rrjedhjet më të mëdha të migracionit të parregullt në gjithë kufirin e jashtëm të BE.Keywords:
emigracioni, zhvillimi, fluksi migrator, punësimi, kapitali njerëzor.Downloads
References
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Akhtar, S. (1999). Immigration & Identity: Turmoil, Treatment & Transformation. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, 112–118.
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Berry, J. W., Phinney, J. S., Sam, D. L.,& Vedder, P. (2006). Immigrant youths: acculturation, identity, and adaptation. Applied Psychology, 55(3), 303–332.
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Brüderl, Josef, Peter Preisendörfer, and Rolf Ziegler (1992): Survival Chances of Newly Founded Business Organizations. American Sociological Review, 57: 227-242.
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Castells, M. (2010). The rise of the network society: The Information Age: Economy, society and culture. New York, NY: WileyBlackwell, 427–449.
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Corbett, M. (2007). Learning to leave: The irony of schooling in a coastal community. Black Point, NS: Fernwood Publishing Company, 251 – 260.
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De Soto, H., P. Gordon, I. Gedeshi and Z. Sinoimeri 2002. Poverty in Albania. A Qualitative Assessment. Washington DC: World Bank Technical Paper 520.
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Hobsbawm, E. (1992). Nations and nationalism since 1780. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 193–198.
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King, R., N. Mai and M. Dalipaj 2003. Exploding the Migration Myths. Analysis and Recommendations for the European Union, the UK and Albania. London: The Fabian Society and Oxfam, 93– 98.
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Lijtmaer, R. M. (2001). Splitting and nostalgia in recent immigrants: Psychodynamic considerations. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 29(3), 427–438.
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Marlin, O. (1994). Special issues in the analytic treatment of immigrants and refugees. Issues in Psychoanalytic Psychology, 16(1), 7–16.
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Marcus, P. (2001). Loss and renewal. In P. Suedfeld (Ed.), Light from the ashes (pp. 421–429). Detroit, MI: The University of Michigan Press.
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Mehta, P. (1998). The emergence, conflicts, and integration of the bicultural self: psychoanalysis of an adolescent daughter of South Asian immigrant parents. In S. Akhtar and S. Kramer (Eds.), The colours of childhood: Separation individuation across cultural, racial and ethnic diversity (pp. 129–168). Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, Inc.
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Mirsky, J. (1991). Language in migration: separation and individuation conflicts in relation to the mother tongue and the new language. Psychotherapy, 28(4), 618–624.
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Nicholson, B. 2001. ‘From Migrant to Micro-entrepreneur: Do-It-Yourself Development in Albania’, South-East Europe Review, 4(3): 39-41.
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Smith, A. D. (2007). Nationalism in decline? in M. Young et al. (eds.), Nationalism in a Global Era. NY: Routledge, 16–29.
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Yaglom, M. (1993). Role of psychocultural factors in the adjustment of Soviet Jewish refugees: Applying Kleinian theory of mourning. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 23(2), 135–145.
References
Akhtar, S. (1999). Immigration & Identity: Turmoil, Treatment & Transformation. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, 112–118.
Berry, J. W., Phinney, J. S., Sam, D. L.,& Vedder, P. (2006). Immigrant youths: acculturation, identity, and adaptation. Applied Psychology, 55(3), 303–332.
Brüderl, Josef, Peter Preisendörfer, and Rolf Ziegler (1992): Survival Chances of Newly Founded Business Organizations. American Sociological Review, 57: 227-242.
Castells, M. (2010). The rise of the network society: The Information Age: Economy, society and culture. New York, NY: WileyBlackwell, 427–449.
Corbett, M. (2007). Learning to leave: The irony of schooling in a coastal community. Black Point, NS: Fernwood Publishing Company, 251 – 260.
De Soto, H., P. Gordon, I. Gedeshi and Z. Sinoimeri 2002. Poverty in Albania. A Qualitative Assessment. Washington DC: World Bank Technical Paper 520.
Hobsbawm, E. (1992). Nations and nationalism since 1780. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 193–198.
King, R., N. Mai and M. Dalipaj 2003. Exploding the Migration Myths. Analysis and Recommendations for the European Union, the UK and Albania. London: The Fabian Society and Oxfam, 93– 98.
Lijtmaer, R. M. (2001). Splitting and nostalgia in recent immigrants: Psychodynamic considerations. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 29(3), 427–438.
Marlin, O. (1994). Special issues in the analytic treatment of immigrants and refugees. Issues in Psychoanalytic Psychology, 16(1), 7–16.
Marcus, P. (2001). Loss and renewal. In P. Suedfeld (Ed.), Light from the ashes (pp. 421–429). Detroit, MI: The University of Michigan Press.
Mehta, P. (1998). The emergence, conflicts, and integration of the bicultural self: psychoanalysis of an adolescent daughter of South Asian immigrant parents. In S. Akhtar and S. Kramer (Eds.), The colours of childhood: Separation individuation across cultural, racial and ethnic diversity (pp. 129–168). Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, Inc.
Mirsky, J. (1991). Language in migration: separation and individuation conflicts in relation to the mother tongue and the new language. Psychotherapy, 28(4), 618–624.
Nicholson, B. 2001. ‘From Migrant to Micro-entrepreneur: Do-It-Yourself Development in Albania’, South-East Europe Review, 4(3): 39-41.
Smith, A. D. (2007). Nationalism in decline? in M. Young et al. (eds.), Nationalism in a Global Era. NY: Routledge, 16–29.
Yaglom, M. (1993). Role of psychocultural factors in the adjustment of Soviet Jewish refugees: Applying Kleinian theory of mourning. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 23(2), 135–145.
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