Using student assessment results to improve teaching and learning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62928/kp.v3i.6017Abstract
Student assessment and the use of assessment results for the purposes of improving teaching and learning is a topic of particular importance to educational researchers. This study deals with the usage of student assessment results by schools for the purposes of improving teaching and student learning in public schools in Kosovo. This study uses a qualitative research approach, the case study model. The objective of this study is limited to the analysis of the inclusion of the use of student results for teaching and learning purposes, reflected in the school's working documents and how this is applied in the current practices of the schools.
The results show that although there is a legal framework that to some extent refers and guides the use of student assessment results for the purposes of improving teaching and supporting student learning, the school's use of student assessment results for these purposes remains limited. Schools, in documenting their work indicate that they have a greater focus on general statistical analysis related to student success, primarily for the purposes of reporting on their student success. They report few substantive analyses and comparisons regarding student achievement, in relation to curriculum learning outcomes, as well as in relation to national and international assessments. Interviews with school principals and teachers who are leaders of Professional Departments in primary and lower secondary education, show the distinctive features in the practice of schools towards the use of student results/achievements, as well as the need for a more in-depth approach and system for analysis and use of student assessment results for improvement purposes.
The study suggests the need for capacity building in schools for the analysis, comparison and effective use of student assessment data, and the development of a roadmap for using data related to student achievement, tracking student progress in lessons, and for goals of decision-making and institutional support of students' learning. The study aims to contribute to raising the culture of using the results of student assessments for the purposes of improving teaching and learning, and not only.
Keywords:
student achievement, data use, continuous improvement, data-based decision making, student assessment.Downloads
References
-
Blaich, C. F., & Wise, K. S. (2011, January). From gathering to using assessment results: Lessons from the Wabash National Study (NILOA Occasional Paper No. 8). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois and Indiana University, National Institute for Learning Outcomes Assessment.
-
https://www.learningoutcomesassessment.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/02/OccasionalPaper8.pdf
-
Clarke, P. (2017). Making use of assessments for creating stronger education systems and improving teaching and learning. Background paper prepared for the 2017/8 Global education monitoring report, Accountability in education: meeting our commitments. UNESCO, Digital Library. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000259564
-
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
-
Education Scotland (2023). The Effective use of Data for Improvement in Education. https://education.gov.scot/media/vzvdpafc/the-effective-use-of-data-forimprovement-in-education.pdf
-
Hamilton, L., Halverson, R., Jackson, S., Mandinach, E., Supovitz, J., & Wayman, J. (2009). Using student achievement data to support instructional decision making (NCEE 2009-4067). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved from http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/publications/practiceguides/.
-
Harizaj, A. & Kadriu, M. (2020). Vlerësimi përmbledhës – Hartimi i testit. Doracak për mësimdhënësit para dhe në shërbim. GIZ – CDBE. Rishikuar nga prof. dr. Majlinda Gjelaj (2021). Universiteti i Prishtinës, Fakulteti i Edukimit.
-
Kellaghan, Th. & Greaney, V. (2001). Using assessment to improve the quality of education. Paris 2001, UNESCO: International Institute for Educational Planning. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000126231
-
Kellaghan, Th., Greaney, V. & Murray T. S. (2009). Using the Results of a National Assessment of Educational Achievement. World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 2667, December. https://wwb.archive.org/web/20160412223128id_/http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Documents/National_assessment_Vol5.pdf
-
Maghnouj, Soumaya, et al. (2020), “Improving learning outcomes through student assessment”, in Soumaya Maghnouj, et al., OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education: Albania, OECD Publishing, Paris. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/15238928-en
-
Matters, G. (2006). Using Data to Support -Learning in Schools, Students, teachers, systems. Australian Council for Educational Research.
-
https://research.acer.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=aer
-
Matthews, B. & Ross, L (2010): Metodat e hulumtimit. Udhëzues praktik për shkencat sociale dhe humane. Qendra për Arsim Demokratik (CDE). Tiranë.
-
Miller, D. & Brophy, T. (2019). Using Assessment Results for Program Improvement. University of Florida. https://assessment.aa.ufl.edu/media/assessmentaaufledu/practical-guide-materials/Using-Assessment-Results-for-Program-Improvement.pdf
-
OECD (2013), Synergies for Better Learning: An International Perspective on Evaluation and Assessment, OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264190658-en.
-
OECD (2015), Education Policy Outlook 2015: Making Reforms Happen, OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264225442-en
-
OECD (2020), "Assessments, evaluations and how they are used", in PISA 2018 Results (Volume V): Effective Policies, Successful Schools, OECD
-
Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/cd754fae-en.
-
OECD (2023), PISA 2022 Results (Volume I): The State of Learning and Equity in Education, PISA, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/53f23881-en
-
OECD (2023a), PISA 2022 Results (Volume II): Learning During – and From – Disruption, PISA, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/a97db61c-en
-
OECD (2023b), PISA 2022 Results (Volume I and II): Country Notes: Kosovo. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pisa-2022-results-volume-i-and-ii-country-notes_ed6fbcc5-en/kosovo_1f99d575-en.html
-
Qehaja, L., & Aliu, J. (2015). Ndikimi i cilësisë së mësimdhënësve dhe burimeve shkollore në rezultatet e nxënësve kosovarë. Qendra për Arsim e Kosovës (KEC). Prishtinë. Projekti “Rrjeti i Kosovës për Arsim dhe Punësim – KEEN”. http://kec-ks.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/PISA-2015 Results_ALB-1.pdf
-
Raudonyte, I. (2019). Use of learning assessment data in education policy-making . UNESCO IIEP- Working Papers https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000367608
-
Skinner, R. (2018). National and International Educational Assessments: Overvieë, Results, and Issues. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED593602.pdf Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45401
-
Smith, K.L., Good, M.R, Sanchez, E.H & Fulcher, E.H. (2015). Communication is Key: Unpacking “Use of Assessment Results to Improve Student Learning”. James Madison University. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1137955.pdf
-
Summers, D. (2023). Teachers’ use of assessment data to improve student achievement. Fall 2023, Volume 2, Issue 2, 21–49.
-
Timperley, H. S. (2009). Using assessment data for improving teaching practice.
-
Research Conference 2009: Assessment and Student Learning: Collecting, interpreting and using data to inform teaching.
-
https://research.acer.edu.au/cgi/vieëcontent.cgi?article=1036&context=resea
-
rch_conference
-
UNESCO. (2017). Making use of assessments for creating stronger education systems and improving teaching and learning. Background paper prepared for the 2017/8 Global Education Monitoring Report Accountability in education: Meeting our commitments. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000259564
-
Vogrinc, J. & Saqipi, B. (2020). Hulumtimi në shkencat e edukimit - këndvështrime konceptuale dhe metodologjike. Tiranë, Shqipëri: Albas.
-
Breakspear, S. (2014). How does PISA shape education policy making? Why how we measure learning determines what counts in education?Centre for Strategic Education, Victoria, Australia.https://allchildrenlearning.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/11/Breakspear-PISA-Paper.pdf
-
Guthrie, C., et al. (2022), OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education: Bosnia and Herzegovina, OECD Reviews of Evaluation and
-
Assessment in Education, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/a669e5f3-en.
-
OECD (2019), OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education: North Macedonia, OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/079fe34c-en.
-
Nusche, D., et al. (2014), OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education: Netherlands 2014, OECD Revieës of Evaluation and
-
Assessment in Education, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264211940-en.
-
Gerard, L., Bradford, A. & Linn, M. (2022). Supporting Teachers to Customize Curriculum for Self-Directed Learning. Journal of Science Education and Technology. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362643962_Supporting_Teachers_to_Customize_Curriculum_for_Self-Directed_Learning
-
Hebbecker, K., Förster, N., Forthmann, B. & Souvignier, E. (2022). Data - Based Decision-Making in Schools: Examining the Process and Effects of Teacher Support. Journal of Educational Psychology. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360244226_Data_based_decision-making_in_schools_Examining_the_process_and_effects_of_teacher_support
-
Gert, G., Kim, S., Jules P. & Melanie, E. (2016). Data-based decision making for instructional improvement in primary education. International Journal of Educational Research - Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 80, 2016, Pages 1-14, ISSN 0883-0355, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2016.07.004.
-
Gasse , R. V. , Vanlommel , K. , Vanhoof J. & Petegem , P. V. (2016). Teacher collaboration on the use of pupil learning outcome data: A rich environment for professional learning? Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 60, 2016, Pages 387-397, ISSN 0742051X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.07.004.
-
Gregory, K. (2014). Sistemet e vlerësimit dhe cilësia e arsimit. Konferenca ndërkombëtare 6-7 maj 2014 – Ndikimi i vlerësimit të nxënësve në cilësinë e arsimit, kumtesat, prezantimet dhe rekomandimet, (f. 62-71). Prishtinë, Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës dhe e Teknologjisë.
-
Dokumente të politikave arsimore:
-
Ministria e Arsimit dhe e Shkencës. (2020). Korniza e vlerësimit të nxënësve të arsimit parauniversitar të Kosovës. Prishtinë: MASh. https://masht.rks-gov.net/korniza-e-vleresimit-te-nxenesve-te-arsimit-parauniversitar-te-kosoves-2/
-
Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës dhe e Teknologjisë & Instituti Pedagogjik i Kosovës. (2016). Korniza e sigurimit të cilësisë së performancës së shkollës në Kosovë. IPK, Prishtinë. http://ipkmasht.rks-gov.net/kriteret-dhe-treguesit-e-cilesise-se-performances-se-shkolles
-
Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës dhe e Teknologjisë. (2016a). Korniza Kurrikulare e Arsimit Parauniversitar të Republikës së Kosovës (https://masht.rks-gov.net/uploads/2017/02/korniza-kurrikulare-finale.pdf).
-
Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës dhe e Teknologjisë. (2016b). Kurrikula Bërthamë për Klasën Përgatitore dhe Arsimin Fillor të Kosovës (https://masht.rks.gov.net/uploads/2017/02/kurrikula-berthame-1-finale-2.pdf).
-
Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës dhe e Teknologjisë. (2016c). Kurrikula Bërthamë e Arsimit të Mesëm të Ulët të Kosovës (https://masht.rks.gov.net/uploads/2017/02/korniza-berthame-2-final_1.pdf).
-
Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës dhe e Teknologjisë (2016). UA nr. 23/2016, dt. 09.11.2016 Për planin zhvillimor të shkollës dhe Planin zhvillimor komunal të arsimit. https://masht.rks-gov.net/ua-nr-23-2016-dt-09-11-2016-per-planin-zhvillimor-te-shkolles-dhe-planin-zhvillimor-komunal-te-arsimit
-
Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës dhe e Teknologjisë (2016). Udhëzimi administrativ nr. 22/2016 për Aktivet profesionale (Departamentet) të shkollave. Prishtinë: MAShT. https://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=15199
-
Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës dhe Teknologjisë. (2012). Udhëzimi Administrativ nr. 04/2012: Standardet e praktikes profesionale për drejtorë të shkollave në Kosovë. MAShT, Prishtinë. Marrë nga: https://masht.rks.gov.net/ua-perstandardet-e-praktikes-profesionale-te-drejtoreve-te-shkollave-nr-04-2012-date-02-05-2012
-
Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës dhe e Teknologjisë. (2012). Udhëzimi Administrativ nr. 04/2012: Standardet e praktikes profesionale për drejtorë të shkollave në Kosovë. MAShT, Prishtinë. Marrë nga: https://masht.rks-gov.net/ua-per-standardet-e-praktikes-profesionale-te-drejtoreve-te-shkollave-nr-04-2012-date-02-05-2012
-
Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës, e Teknologjisë dhe e Inovacionit.(2022). Strategjia e Arsimit 2022-2026. MAShTI, Prishtinë. Marrë nga: https://masht.rks.gov.net/strategjia-e-arsimit2022-2026
-
Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës, e Teknologjisë dhe e Inovacionit.(2022). Udhëzimi administrativ 06/ 2022 për vlerësimin e nxënësve në arsimin paraunivesitar të republikës së Kosovës. Prishtinë: MAShTI. https://masht.rks.gov.net/udhezimi-administrativ-mashti-06-2022-per-vleresimin-e-nxenesve-ne-arsimin-paraunivesitar-te-republikes-se-kosoves
References
Blaich, C. F., & Wise, K. S. (2011, January). From gathering to using assessment results: Lessons from the Wabash National Study (NILOA Occasional Paper No. 8). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois and Indiana University, National Institute for Learning Outcomes Assessment.
https://www.learningoutcomesassessment.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/02/OccasionalPaper8.pdf
Clarke, P. (2017). Making use of assessments for creating stronger education systems and improving teaching and learning. Background paper prepared for the 2017/8 Global education monitoring report, Accountability in education: meeting our commitments. UNESCO, Digital Library. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000259564
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Education Scotland (2023). The Effective use of Data for Improvement in Education. https://education.gov.scot/media/vzvdpafc/the-effective-use-of-data-forimprovement-in-education.pdf
Hamilton, L., Halverson, R., Jackson, S., Mandinach, E., Supovitz, J., & Wayman, J. (2009). Using student achievement data to support instructional decision making (NCEE 2009-4067). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved from http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/publications/practiceguides/.
Harizaj, A. & Kadriu, M. (2020). Vlerësimi përmbledhës – Hartimi i testit. Doracak për mësimdhënësit para dhe në shërbim. GIZ – CDBE. Rishikuar nga prof. dr. Majlinda Gjelaj (2021). Universiteti i Prishtinës, Fakulteti i Edukimit.
Kellaghan, Th. & Greaney, V. (2001). Using assessment to improve the quality of education. Paris 2001, UNESCO: International Institute for Educational Planning. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000126231
Kellaghan, Th., Greaney, V. & Murray T. S. (2009). Using the Results of a National Assessment of Educational Achievement. World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 2667, December. https://wwb.archive.org/web/20160412223128id_/http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Documents/National_assessment_Vol5.pdf
Maghnouj, Soumaya, et al. (2020), “Improving learning outcomes through student assessment”, in Soumaya Maghnouj, et al., OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education: Albania, OECD Publishing, Paris. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/15238928-en
Matters, G. (2006). Using Data to Support -Learning in Schools, Students, teachers, systems. Australian Council for Educational Research.
https://research.acer.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=aer
Matthews, B. & Ross, L (2010): Metodat e hulumtimit. Udhëzues praktik për shkencat sociale dhe humane. Qendra për Arsim Demokratik (CDE). Tiranë.
Miller, D. & Brophy, T. (2019). Using Assessment Results for Program Improvement. University of Florida. https://assessment.aa.ufl.edu/media/assessmentaaufledu/practical-guide-materials/Using-Assessment-Results-for-Program-Improvement.pdf
OECD (2013), Synergies for Better Learning: An International Perspective on Evaluation and Assessment, OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264190658-en.
OECD (2015), Education Policy Outlook 2015: Making Reforms Happen, OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264225442-en
OECD (2020), "Assessments, evaluations and how they are used", in PISA 2018 Results (Volume V): Effective Policies, Successful Schools, OECD
Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/cd754fae-en.
OECD (2023), PISA 2022 Results (Volume I): The State of Learning and Equity in Education, PISA, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/53f23881-en
OECD (2023a), PISA 2022 Results (Volume II): Learning During – and From – Disruption, PISA, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/a97db61c-en
OECD (2023b), PISA 2022 Results (Volume I and II): Country Notes: Kosovo. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pisa-2022-results-volume-i-and-ii-country-notes_ed6fbcc5-en/kosovo_1f99d575-en.html
Qehaja, L., & Aliu, J. (2015). Ndikimi i cilësisë së mësimdhënësve dhe burimeve shkollore në rezultatet e nxënësve kosovarë. Qendra për Arsim e Kosovës (KEC). Prishtinë. Projekti “Rrjeti i Kosovës për Arsim dhe Punësim – KEEN”. http://kec-ks.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/PISA-2015 Results_ALB-1.pdf
Raudonyte, I. (2019). Use of learning assessment data in education policy-making . UNESCO IIEP- Working Papers https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000367608
Skinner, R. (2018). National and International Educational Assessments: Overvieë, Results, and Issues. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED593602.pdf Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45401
Smith, K.L., Good, M.R, Sanchez, E.H & Fulcher, E.H. (2015). Communication is Key: Unpacking “Use of Assessment Results to Improve Student Learning”. James Madison University. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1137955.pdf
Summers, D. (2023). Teachers’ use of assessment data to improve student achievement. Fall 2023, Volume 2, Issue 2, 21–49.
Timperley, H. S. (2009). Using assessment data for improving teaching practice.
Research Conference 2009: Assessment and Student Learning: Collecting, interpreting and using data to inform teaching.
https://research.acer.edu.au/cgi/vieëcontent.cgi?article=1036&context=resea
rch_conference
UNESCO. (2017). Making use of assessments for creating stronger education systems and improving teaching and learning. Background paper prepared for the 2017/8 Global Education Monitoring Report Accountability in education: Meeting our commitments. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000259564
Vogrinc, J. & Saqipi, B. (2020). Hulumtimi në shkencat e edukimit - këndvështrime konceptuale dhe metodologjike. Tiranë, Shqipëri: Albas.
Breakspear, S. (2014). How does PISA shape education policy making? Why how we measure learning determines what counts in education?Centre for Strategic Education, Victoria, Australia.https://allchildrenlearning.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/11/Breakspear-PISA-Paper.pdf
Guthrie, C., et al. (2022), OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education: Bosnia and Herzegovina, OECD Reviews of Evaluation and
Assessment in Education, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/a669e5f3-en.
OECD (2019), OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education: North Macedonia, OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/079fe34c-en.
Nusche, D., et al. (2014), OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education: Netherlands 2014, OECD Revieës of Evaluation and
Assessment in Education, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264211940-en.
Gerard, L., Bradford, A. & Linn, M. (2022). Supporting Teachers to Customize Curriculum for Self-Directed Learning. Journal of Science Education and Technology. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362643962_Supporting_Teachers_to_Customize_Curriculum_for_Self-Directed_Learning
Hebbecker, K., Förster, N., Forthmann, B. & Souvignier, E. (2022). Data - Based Decision-Making in Schools: Examining the Process and Effects of Teacher Support. Journal of Educational Psychology. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360244226_Data_based_decision-making_in_schools_Examining_the_process_and_effects_of_teacher_support
Gert, G., Kim, S., Jules P. & Melanie, E. (2016). Data-based decision making for instructional improvement in primary education. International Journal of Educational Research - Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 80, 2016, Pages 1-14, ISSN 0883-0355, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2016.07.004.
Gasse , R. V. , Vanlommel , K. , Vanhoof J. & Petegem , P. V. (2016). Teacher collaboration on the use of pupil learning outcome data: A rich environment for professional learning? Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 60, 2016, Pages 387-397, ISSN 0742051X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.07.004.
Gregory, K. (2014). Sistemet e vlerësimit dhe cilësia e arsimit. Konferenca ndërkombëtare 6-7 maj 2014 – Ndikimi i vlerësimit të nxënësve në cilësinë e arsimit, kumtesat, prezantimet dhe rekomandimet, (f. 62-71). Prishtinë, Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës dhe e Teknologjisë.
Dokumente të politikave arsimore:
Ministria e Arsimit dhe e Shkencës. (2020). Korniza e vlerësimit të nxënësve të arsimit parauniversitar të Kosovës. Prishtinë: MASh. https://masht.rks-gov.net/korniza-e-vleresimit-te-nxenesve-te-arsimit-parauniversitar-te-kosoves-2/
Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës dhe e Teknologjisë & Instituti Pedagogjik i Kosovës. (2016). Korniza e sigurimit të cilësisë së performancës së shkollës në Kosovë. IPK, Prishtinë. http://ipkmasht.rks-gov.net/kriteret-dhe-treguesit-e-cilesise-se-performances-se-shkolles
Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës dhe e Teknologjisë. (2016a). Korniza Kurrikulare e Arsimit Parauniversitar të Republikës së Kosovës (https://masht.rks-gov.net/uploads/2017/02/korniza-kurrikulare-finale.pdf).
Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës dhe e Teknologjisë. (2016b). Kurrikula Bërthamë për Klasën Përgatitore dhe Arsimin Fillor të Kosovës (https://masht.rks.gov.net/uploads/2017/02/kurrikula-berthame-1-finale-2.pdf).
Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës dhe e Teknologjisë. (2016c). Kurrikula Bërthamë e Arsimit të Mesëm të Ulët të Kosovës (https://masht.rks.gov.net/uploads/2017/02/korniza-berthame-2-final_1.pdf).
Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës dhe e Teknologjisë (2016). UA nr. 23/2016, dt. 09.11.2016 Për planin zhvillimor të shkollës dhe Planin zhvillimor komunal të arsimit. https://masht.rks-gov.net/ua-nr-23-2016-dt-09-11-2016-per-planin-zhvillimor-te-shkolles-dhe-planin-zhvillimor-komunal-te-arsimit
Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës dhe e Teknologjisë (2016). Udhëzimi administrativ nr. 22/2016 për Aktivet profesionale (Departamentet) të shkollave. Prishtinë: MAShT. https://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=15199
Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës dhe Teknologjisë. (2012). Udhëzimi Administrativ nr. 04/2012: Standardet e praktikes profesionale për drejtorë të shkollave në Kosovë. MAShT, Prishtinë. Marrë nga: https://masht.rks.gov.net/ua-perstandardet-e-praktikes-profesionale-te-drejtoreve-te-shkollave-nr-04-2012-date-02-05-2012
Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës dhe e Teknologjisë. (2012). Udhëzimi Administrativ nr. 04/2012: Standardet e praktikes profesionale për drejtorë të shkollave në Kosovë. MAShT, Prishtinë. Marrë nga: https://masht.rks-gov.net/ua-per-standardet-e-praktikes-profesionale-te-drejtoreve-te-shkollave-nr-04-2012-date-02-05-2012
Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës, e Teknologjisë dhe e Inovacionit.(2022). Strategjia e Arsimit 2022-2026. MAShTI, Prishtinë. Marrë nga: https://masht.rks.gov.net/strategjia-e-arsimit2022-2026
Ministria e Arsimit, e Shkencës, e Teknologjisë dhe e Inovacionit.(2022). Udhëzimi administrativ 06/ 2022 për vlerësimin e nxënësve në arsimin paraunivesitar të republikës së Kosovës. Prishtinë: MAShTI. https://masht.rks.gov.net/udhezimi-administrativ-mashti-06-2022-per-vleresimin-e-nxenesve-ne-arsimin-paraunivesitar-te-republikes-se-kosoves
